21-04-2011, 03:27 PM
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MAGNETIC LEVIATION ENGINE
Abstract:
In this fast moving world, there is always a necessity for invention. Our paper aims at the improvement of automobile engine efficiency, reduction in consumption of fossil fuels and thereby decreasing air pollution. In contrary with the conventional internal combustion engine, our Maglev Automobile Engine is based on the principle of Magnetic Levitation. Here, the motion of the piston is achieved with the help of attractive and repulsive forces of a magnet. As we use the levitation principle, losses due to friction is almost reduced to zero. Aiming at a better efficiency, we put forward this idea for future enhancements.
Introduction & Necessity:
The need for the non-renewable fossil fuels is increasing day-by-day, and our goal is to minimize our dependence on fossil fuels. Gasoline or diesel powered IC engines are the most common but require constant re-fuelling and generally, they are not eco-friendly. Moreover, achieving the magical 100% efficiency barrier is the major task ahead of the modern day engineers. Accordingly, there is always a need for the source of power, which is not reliant solely on the fossil fuels and do not cause damage to the environment through any forms of pollution
Internal Combustion Engine:
In the present world, almost all the automobiles are running with the help of internal combustion engines. An internal combustion engine is an engine, in which combustion occurs directly through fossil fuels mixed with an oxidizer (mostly air) in a combustion chamber. In an IC engine, the expansion of fuel is used to move the piston inside the engine cylinder. The crank shaft transforms the to and fro motion of the piston to rotary motion. This rotary motion of crank shaft is then transmitted to the wheels with the help of the shafts and gear assembly.
Magnetic levitation:
Magnetic levitation is the process of lifting or hovering of a magnetic material by a strong magnet. This principle is used in maglev trains, superconducting bearings and in turbo-molecular pumps. The levitation of the magnetic material is achieved with the help of both the attractive and repulsive forces of a magnet, which is used to counteract the influence of the gravitational forces. Electromagnets can be used for levitation, as the magnetic field can be varied by varying the current flow according to our requirements.
Super-conducting materials can be used as Electromagnets, as they can increase the magnetic flux, for the same amount of magnetic field. The levitation of the magnet is further stabilized due to flux pinning within the superconductor. This tends to stop the superconductor leaving the magnetic field even if the levitated system is inverted. This phenomenon helps us greatly in our maglev engine.
Magnetic levitation in bullet trains.
Components required for the engine assembly:
Electromagnets:
The electromagnets are used for levitating the piston inside the cylinder. The electromagnets are fixed on the walls of the cylinder, to produce magnetic field around the piston. To reduce flux loss in the electromagnet, it is fully laminated. The electromagnet must be supplied with a varying AC current. The polarity of the magnetic field changes according to the frequency of the input ac current. The core of the electromagnets can be within the voltage ratings as prescribed in the battery.
Battery:
Lithium-ion rechargeable battery with ratings as 110 to 192V & 10amps, with 180Ah can be used for supplying current to the electromagnet. This can be recharged through electric recharging stations or even in our homes, by a charging assembly.
Inverter:
As the battery supplies DC, an inverter is connected to convert DC to AC and is fed to the electromagnet assembly in the engine. The frequency of the output AC can be varied by the inverter by using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique. It uses four MOSFET switches to vary the frequency of the ac signal. The frequency of the AC plays a major role in the velocity of the piston, which will be dealt in the upcoming pages of our paper.
Halbach array of magnets:
The Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets, which is used to confine the magnetic flux to one direction. This array of magnets is fixed on the walls of the piston. This ensures the concentration of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is only around the piston, and not towards the piston. This flux is used for the levitation of the piston. The usageof the Halbach array of arranging magnets increases the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. Flux losses will be minimum in this type of arrangement. These are used in particle accelerators, free electron lasers and in inductrack maglev trains
MAGNETIC LEVIATION ENGINE
Abstract:
In this fast moving world, there is always a necessity for invention. Our paper aims at the improvement of automobile engine efficiency, reduction in consumption of fossil fuels and thereby decreasing air pollution. In contrary with the conventional internal combustion engine, our Maglev Automobile Engine is based on the principle of Magnetic Levitation. Here, the motion of the piston is achieved with the help of attractive and repulsive forces of a magnet. As we use the levitation principle, losses due to friction is almost reduced to zero. Aiming at a better efficiency, we put forward this idea for future enhancements.
Introduction & Necessity:
The need for the non-renewable fossil fuels is increasing day-by-day, and our goal is to minimize our dependence on fossil fuels. Gasoline or diesel powered IC engines are the most common but require constant re-fuelling and generally, they are not eco-friendly. Moreover, achieving the magical 100% efficiency barrier is the major task ahead of the modern day engineers. Accordingly, there is always a need for the source of power, which is not reliant solely on the fossil fuels and do not cause damage to the environment through any forms of pollution
Internal Combustion Engine:
In the present world, almost all the automobiles are running with the help of internal combustion engines. An internal combustion engine is an engine, in which combustion occurs directly through fossil fuels mixed with an oxidizer (mostly air) in a combustion chamber. In an IC engine, the expansion of fuel is used to move the piston inside the engine cylinder. The crank shaft transforms the to and fro motion of the piston to rotary motion. This rotary motion of crank shaft is then transmitted to the wheels with the help of the shafts and gear assembly.
Magnetic levitation:
Magnetic levitation is the process of lifting or hovering of a magnetic material by a strong magnet. This principle is used in maglev trains, superconducting bearings and in turbo-molecular pumps. The levitation of the magnetic material is achieved with the help of both the attractive and repulsive forces of a magnet, which is used to counteract the influence of the gravitational forces. Electromagnets can be used for levitation, as the magnetic field can be varied by varying the current flow according to our requirements.
Super-conducting materials can be used as Electromagnets, as they can increase the magnetic flux, for the same amount of magnetic field. The levitation of the magnet is further stabilized due to flux pinning within the superconductor. This tends to stop the superconductor leaving the magnetic field even if the levitated system is inverted. This phenomenon helps us greatly in our maglev engine.
Magnetic levitation in bullet trains.
Components required for the engine assembly:
Electromagnets:
The electromagnets are used for levitating the piston inside the cylinder. The electromagnets are fixed on the walls of the cylinder, to produce magnetic field around the piston. To reduce flux loss in the electromagnet, it is fully laminated. The electromagnet must be supplied with a varying AC current. The polarity of the magnetic field changes according to the frequency of the input ac current. The core of the electromagnets can be within the voltage ratings as prescribed in the battery.
Battery:
Lithium-ion rechargeable battery with ratings as 110 to 192V & 10amps, with 180Ah can be used for supplying current to the electromagnet. This can be recharged through electric recharging stations or even in our homes, by a charging assembly.
Inverter:
As the battery supplies DC, an inverter is connected to convert DC to AC and is fed to the electromagnet assembly in the engine. The frequency of the output AC can be varied by the inverter by using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique. It uses four MOSFET switches to vary the frequency of the ac signal. The frequency of the AC plays a major role in the velocity of the piston, which will be dealt in the upcoming pages of our paper.
Halbach array of magnets:
The Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets, which is used to confine the magnetic flux to one direction. This array of magnets is fixed on the walls of the piston. This ensures the concentration of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is only around the piston, and not towards the piston. This flux is used for the levitation of the piston. The usageof the Halbach array of arranging magnets increases the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. Flux losses will be minimum in this type of arrangement. These are used in particle accelerators, free electron lasers and in inductrack maglev trains
