smart card full report

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Smart Card ??
 The first smart card was developed in 1974, by “Roland Moreno”
 A smart card is a plastic card that is embedded with either a microprocessor or a memory chip.
 These smarts cards have the mechanism for storing and/or processing information.
Different kinds of smart cards
1. Integrated Circuit (IC) Microprocessor Cards
2. Integrated Circuit (IC) Memory Cards
3. Optical Memory Cards
 (IC) Microprocessor Cards.
 Also called as "chip cards“
 The current generation of chip cards has an 8- BIT processor, 16KB ROM, and 512 bytes of RAM
Applications :
 stored value cards
 affinity cards
These cards can provide services : secure access to a network cellular phones from fraud
 IC memory cards
 IC memory cards can hold up to 1-4 KB of data, but have no processor
 also known as the card-accepting device
 Applications like pre-paid phone cards and also popular as high-security alternatives to magnetic stripe cards.
 Optical Memory Cards
 Optical memory cards can store up to 4 MB of data. But once written, the data cannot be changed or removed
 These cards have no processor in them (although this is coming in the near future)
 This type of card is ideal for record keeping - for example medical files, driving records, or travel histories.
 The chip components
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
Cryptographic algorithms
 Smart cards and intelligent token uses different types of encryption systems.
 SHA-1, RSA, DES
 DES was published by the National Bureau of Standards. It is a secret Key cryptographic algorithm .
Contact smart cards
 These smart card has up to 8 mechanical contacts .
1. VCC - to supply voltage to the chip
2. RST -to reset signal
3. CLK - for external clock signal
4. GND - for ground
5. VPP –for high voltage signal
6. I/O –to transfer data bet smart card &the card reader
7. RFU – Reserved for future use
Contact smart cards specifications:-
 Benefits of Smart Cards
 A smart card can be used as a highly secure storage for all kind of confidential information.
 It can be used as a electronic purse.
 The information on smart card cannot be copied where as credit card ‘s magnetic stripe can easily be copied and then be misused.
 It can be used as a secure token to authenticate over the user’s computer and bank system.
 Pay Phone, Health care, Identity Access, Pay TV, Gaming.
Intelligent Tokens
 Intelligent Tokens have their own battery as a power supply .These batteries may last for 10 years
 they also have stainless steel surrounding the chip
 This shell protects the chip against environment changes and any attempt to attack the chip.
Some of the characteristics of the intelligent tokens
The risks of using smart cards
1. Losing value
2. Key compromise
3. Intelligent Tokens
Security of Intelligent tokens
When software and PC hardware are hacked, the keys remain safe in the digitally and physically secure iButton chip .
 The characteristics of both contact / contact-less smart cards are the same with one difference that is the distance required by the contact-less smart cards
 RAM is one of the major differences between the Intelligent tokens and smart cards
 The use of smart cards will increase in the future especially the contact-less type and also the use of intelligent tokens.