14-04-2011, 02:31 PM
Presented By
VARSHA V
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NANOROBOTS FOR MEDICAL DEFENSE
Nanorobotics
Molecular machines.
Rigid, diamondoid, nanometer scale
Specific task- repeatedly, precisely,
Durable and faster
Nanomedicine
Major application area of nanobots
Medical field aided with nanotechnology -better treatment
Roles:
Replacement
Diagnosis
Repair
Therapy
Medical defense
Biohazard contaminants
Real time in-vivo prognosis
Protect life
Integrated platform- monitor, detect, identify, alert/action
Integrated system platform
ASIC
Embedded IC nanoelectronics
Nanobiosensors
Logic processors
Electromagnetic communication
RFID CMOS transponder system
VHDL manufacturing
Nano-biosensors
CHEMICAL
Senses chemical changes
Concentration/gradient changes in blood
TEMPERATURE
Target oriented temperature detection
Measurement of changes in body temperature
Optofluidic
Exploits localized optical property changes
Types
Evanescent field based devices
Photonic crystal devices
Surface Plasmon resonance biosensing
EVANESCENT FIELD BASED DEVICES
Principle
Solid core dielectric waveguides-evanescent field
Change in RI-phase shift of propagating optical mode
Techniques
Interferometric based
Resonant cavity based
PHOTONIC CRYSTAL DEVICES
Waveguide b/w two 2D photonic crystal
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSING
Electromagnetic waves-propagate along dielectric interfaces
Binding material changes dielectric property
Reflectivity changes.
3 types:
Angular
Spectral
Local
Electrical
FET incorporated by nanowire
Charge field of bound molecule changes conductivity
Electrical measurement
Types
Single dimension
Multiplexed
Single Dimension
Semiconductor nanowire based
Material property control
Native oxide formation preventable
Carbon nanotube based
Higher electron mobility
Diameter in sub-nm range
Multiplexing
Assembling wires into desired structure
Methods: Lithographic pattern followed by-
Active- Magnetic, dielectrophoretic
Time consuming
Passive-direct assembling
Lack of specificity
Hybrid procedure-typically used
Mechanical
Based on Mechanical effects
Two classification
Cantilever based devices
Acoustic biosensors
CANTILEVER BASED
High frequency nano mechanical cantilever systems
Mass sensing-change in resonant frequency
Sufficient spacing required
ACOUSTIC
Exploits bulk acoustic waves
Resonant frequency change of piezoelectric crystal due to absorbed mass
Surface acoustic waves
Piezoelectric
Piezoelectric effect-vibrate under influence of electric field
Particulate interaction on gold plated surface
Change in resonant frequency –proportional to particulate concentration
Homogenous phase biosensors
Functionalized nanoparticles- binding and detection platform
Potential for simple feedback mechanisms
Manufacture of biocompatible nanoparticles
Types
Solution phase SPR
Encoded quantum dots
Actuators
Molecular machine propulsion
Principle
Electromagnetic
Piezoelectric
Electrostatic
Electrothermal
Nanomotors / nanoactuators
Flagella motor
RNA AND DNA based
ATP
Fullerene structures-CNT
Power supply
Energy for operation
Nano circuits with resonant properties
Electromagnetic energy
1.7 mA at 3.3V
Very less loss
Mobile phone software -protocols