SMARTGRID TECHNOLOGY

[seminar class]

Presented by:
M.Pramodh Reddy
G.Avinash Valkya

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SMARTGRID TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
 A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology.
 Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system
 Also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines for less power loss, integrating alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind.
 enhance transmission and distribution systems.
 Smart meters may be part of a smart grid, but alone do not constitute a smart grid.
Features
 Load adjustment
 Demand response support
 Greater resilience to loading
 Decentralization of power generation
 Price signaling to consumers
 Modernizes both transmission and distribution
 When power is least expensive a smart grid could turn on selected home appliances such as washing machines or factory processes that can run at arbitrary hours. at peak times it could turn off selected appliances to reduce demand.
Technology
 Integrated communications
 Sensing and measurement
 Smart meters
 Phasor measurement units
 A wide-area measurement systems
Smart grid functions
 Self healing
 Consumer participation
 Resist attacks
 High quality power
 Accommodate generation options
 Enable electricity markets
 Optimize energy assets
 Enable high penetration of intermittent energy sources
FROM TODAY TO TOMORROW
PRESENT GRIDS:
 Important changes must be incorporated into the nature of electricity supply, as demand rises and traditional resources are depleted.
 Today’s grids are predominantly based on large central power stations connected to high voltage transmission systems which, in turn, supply power to medium and low-voltage local distribution systems.
 The transmission and distribution systems are commonly run by natural monopolies under energy authorities’ control.
MODEL OF A PRESENT GRID
FROM TODAY TO TOMORROW
FUTURE GRIDS:
 Distribution grids will become active and will have to accommodate bi-directional power flows.
 Distribution networks, on the other hand, have seen little change and tend to be radial with mostly unidirectional power flows and ”passive” operation. Their primary role is energy delivery to end-users.
MODEL OF A FUTURE GRID
Setting up smart grids
 Electricity grids of the future are Smart in several ways…..
 Firstly, they allow the customer to take an active role in the supply of electricity. Demand management becomes an indirect source of generation and savings are rewarded.
 Secondly, the new system offers greater efficiency as links are set up across Europe and beyond to draw on available resources and enable an efficient exchange of energy.
 In addition, environmental concerns will be addressed, thanks to the exploitation of sustainable energy sources.
 Today, most users are passive receivers of electricity without further participation in the operational management of the generation sources and the grid. Each user node is simply a ‘sink’ for electricity.
 However, in the last decade many countries have started the process of liberalization of their electric systems, opening access to transmission and distribution grids.
 Smart metering, with two way communications capability and greatly improved user information, is now a reality and deployment is already taking place in some European countries
An interactive grid
 Just like the internet, the electricity grid will be interactive for both power generation sources and power consumption sinks.
 Wide area monitoring and protection (WAM & WAP) systems will be applied to manage the congestions in the transmission systems in a way that improves the security and reliability of grid operation.
 One possible model for the electricity network of the future would be analogous to the internet, in the sense that decision-making is distributed and that flows are bi-directional.
OPERATION OF A SMART GRID
First cities with smart grids
 The earliest, and still largest, example of a smart grid is the Italian system installed by Enel S.p.A. of Italy. completed in 2005, the TELEGESTORE project was highly unusual in the utility world because the company designed and manufactured their own meters, acted as their own system integrator, and developed their own system software.
 Austin, Texas
 Boulder, Colorado
 Hydro One, in Ontario, Canada
OBSTACLES
 regulatory environments that don't reward utilities for operational efficiency, excluding U.S. awards.
 consumer concerns over privacy.
 social concerns over "fair" availability of electricity.
 limited ability of utilities to rapidly transform their business and operational environment to take advantage of smart grid technologies.
 concerns over giving the government mechanisms to control the use of all power using activities.
conclusion
 The importance ,advantages, disadvantages of smart grid technology have been presented in this paper. However this technology is more advantageous compared to present system. Hence we conclude saying that this technology improves economy of a country by reducing electrical losses and giving way for alternate sources of energy.