06-04-2011, 12:03 PM
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INTRODUCTION:
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the compute is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems are often mass –produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld computers are generally considered embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though they are more expandable in software terms. This line of definition continues to blur as devises expand. With the introduction of the OQO Model 2 with the windows XP operating system and ports such as a USB port- both features usually belong to “general purpose computers”, -the line of nomenclature blurs even more.
Physically, embedded system ranges from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 player, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the system controlling nuclear power plants.
In terms of complexity embedded systems can range from very simple with a single microcontroller chip, to very complex with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure
Examples of Embedded Systems:
• Avionics, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware/software and other integrated systems in aircraft and missiles
• Cellular telephones and telephone switches
• Engine controllers and antilock brake controllers for automobiles
• Home automation products, such as thermostats, air conditioners, sprinklers, and security monitoring systems
• Handheld calculators
• Handheld computers
• Household appliances, including microwave ovens, washing machines, television sets, DVD players and recorders
• Medical equipment
• Personal digital assistant
• Videogame consoles
• Computer peripherals such as routers and printers.
• Industrial controllers for remote machine operation
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
INTRODUCTION: As the need for automated system is increasing rapidly, the demand for robots also increased. This project is aimed to design an automated system. this project is to design to change its direction and movement when obstacle detected. The main objective of this project is to design an android (robot) which proposes a new means of Security and automated system. Generally, whenever the robot moving with forward direction. The wireless webcam is connected to top of the robot if there is any obstacle is exist opposite to the robot it change its direction. This project is designed around a microcontroller as a Control unit. According to this project, the robot is designed which can be controlled automatically. Here robot is a physical structure which moves with the help of its wheels. This robot is made to continuously sense obstacle by the webcam which is connected to the microcontroller. If any obstacle is detected the motor which is connected to microcontroller its stop to rotate. Here we using IR transmitter and IR receiver are connected to microcontroller unit is used to transmit the information to PC through VGA card. This project is to design to change its direction and movement when obstacle is detected.
1.3 INTRODUCTION ABOUT MICRO CONTROLLER:
A Micro controller consists of a powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory ,various I/O interfaces such as serial port, parallel port timer or counter, interrupt controller, data acquisition interfaces-Analog to Digital converter, Digital to Analog converter, integrated on to a single silicon chip. If a system is developed with a microprocessor, the designer has to go for external memory such as RAM,ROM,EPROM and Peripherals. But controller is provided all these facilities on a single chip. Development of a Micro controller reduces PCB size and cost of design.
One of the major differences between a Microprocessor and a Micro controller it that a controller often deals with bits not bytes as in the real world application.
Intel has introduced a family of Micro controllers called the MCS-51.
INTRODUCTION:
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the compute is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems are often mass –produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld computers are generally considered embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though they are more expandable in software terms. This line of definition continues to blur as devises expand. With the introduction of the OQO Model 2 with the windows XP operating system and ports such as a USB port- both features usually belong to “general purpose computers”, -the line of nomenclature blurs even more.
Physically, embedded system ranges from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 player, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the system controlling nuclear power plants.
In terms of complexity embedded systems can range from very simple with a single microcontroller chip, to very complex with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure
Examples of Embedded Systems:
• Avionics, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware/software and other integrated systems in aircraft and missiles
• Cellular telephones and telephone switches
• Engine controllers and antilock brake controllers for automobiles
• Home automation products, such as thermostats, air conditioners, sprinklers, and security monitoring systems
• Handheld calculators
• Handheld computers
• Household appliances, including microwave ovens, washing machines, television sets, DVD players and recorders
• Medical equipment
• Personal digital assistant
• Videogame consoles
• Computer peripherals such as routers and printers.
• Industrial controllers for remote machine operation
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
INTRODUCTION: As the need for automated system is increasing rapidly, the demand for robots also increased. This project is aimed to design an automated system. this project is to design to change its direction and movement when obstacle detected. The main objective of this project is to design an android (robot) which proposes a new means of Security and automated system. Generally, whenever the robot moving with forward direction. The wireless webcam is connected to top of the robot if there is any obstacle is exist opposite to the robot it change its direction. This project is designed around a microcontroller as a Control unit. According to this project, the robot is designed which can be controlled automatically. Here robot is a physical structure which moves with the help of its wheels. This robot is made to continuously sense obstacle by the webcam which is connected to the microcontroller. If any obstacle is detected the motor which is connected to microcontroller its stop to rotate. Here we using IR transmitter and IR receiver are connected to microcontroller unit is used to transmit the information to PC through VGA card. This project is to design to change its direction and movement when obstacle is detected.
1.3 INTRODUCTION ABOUT MICRO CONTROLLER:
A Micro controller consists of a powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory ,various I/O interfaces such as serial port, parallel port timer or counter, interrupt controller, data acquisition interfaces-Analog to Digital converter, Digital to Analog converter, integrated on to a single silicon chip. If a system is developed with a microprocessor, the designer has to go for external memory such as RAM,ROM,EPROM and Peripherals. But controller is provided all these facilities on a single chip. Development of a Micro controller reduces PCB size and cost of design.
One of the major differences between a Microprocessor and a Micro controller it that a controller often deals with bits not bytes as in the real world application.
Intel has introduced a family of Micro controllers called the MCS-51.
