power generation using speed breaker

[project topics]

An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage electricity crisis. While not entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged crisis stage. Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets occurs. A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes and government embargoes. The cause may be ageing over-consumption, infrastructure and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. An emergency may emerge during unusually cold winters. EMERGING SHORTAGES Crisis that currently exist include; • Oil price increases since 2003 - Cause: increasing demand from the U.S and China, the falling state of the U.S. dollar, and stagnation of production due to the U.S. occupation of Iraq. Iraq is #3 in the world (besides Saudi Arabia and Iran) for its oil reserves. However some observers have stated the global oil production peak occurred in December 2005. If this is correct it is also to blame. • 2008 Central Asia energy crisis, caused by abnormally cold temperatures and low water levels in an area dependent on hydroelectric power • South African electrical crisis Solution for Energy Crisis NEXT time on the roads, don’t scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages off the highway. This project is about GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY with the SPEED BREAKERS. Generally when vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction between vehicle’s wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind then also heat energy is produced which is always lost in environment and of which we can’t make use of….OR directly we can say that all this energy that we can’t make use of is just the WASTAGE OF ENERGY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are just trying to make use of such energy in order to generate an ELECTRICAL ENERGY. This project will work on the principle of “POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION” Potential energy can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system. This energy can be released or converted into other forms of energy, including kinetic energy. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to change the states of objects in the system when the energy is released If h is the height above an arbitrarily assigned reference point, then Kinetic energy of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative work of the same magnitude would be required to return the body to a state of rest from that velocity. The kinetic energy can be calculated using the formula: In this project a mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip When the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter). This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute.


ABSTRACT:

In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to day-to-day
increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes necessary that we must depend on
non-conventional sources for power generation. While moving, the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and it
is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement
called “POWER HUMP”.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft
through rack and pinion mechanism. This shaft is connected to the electric dynamo and it produces electrical
energy proportional to traffic density. This generated power can be regulated by using zenor diode for
continuous supply .All this mechanism can be housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called
hump.
The generated power can be used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic signals. The
electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series this generated power can be
amplified and stored by using different electric devices. The maintenance cost of hump is almost nullified. By
adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the future demands to some extent.

OBJECTIVES:

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To design a low cost machine.
To utilize a small amount of energy wasted in daily life.
To reduce cost per unit of power generation.
To utilize alternate sources of energy.

METHODOLOGY:

While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can
be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical
unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its
storage. POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker.

The 3 different mechanisms proposed are:
-Roller mechanism
-Crank-shaft mechanism
-Rack- Pinion mechanism

Rack and pinion mechanism: This mechanism is most popularly used. This is because of the disadvantages of

other mechanisms:
Crank shaft mechanism: Crank-shafts are required to be mounted on bearings which creates balancing
problem leading to mechanical vibrations which in turn damage the bearings.Secondly as bearings are of
sliding type, any occurrence of variable load( which is bit obvious in case of vehicles!!) leads to balancing
problem.
Roller mechanism: Here maintenance will be very difficult and it Might cause collision.
The Rack-Pinion assembly gives good mounting convenience . Te efficiency is 95% with 3-5% gear losses.

Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs
are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves
downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of
reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A
flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the
energy uniform. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt
drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be
proportional to traffic density.
Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an E.M.F
(electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F.armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this
armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating same e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy
of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one
way a special component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be housed
under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP. The electrical output can be improved by arranging
these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical
devices.

ADVANTAGES:

• The cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1
crore as opposed to about Rs 8 crore in thermal or hydro power stations.
• It utilizes unused energy.
• we can lighten our steeet lamps..
• extra electricity can be send to villages also.

DISADVANTAGES:

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we have to check mechanism from time ot time .

It will not work with light weight vehicle.

It can get rusted in rainy season.

DIAGRAM:



Project Submitted By:
NAME
Veeresh. M. Karimani
Chetan. Hadimani
Vijayvitthal. Hejeeb
Vinay. V. Sattigeri