31-03-2011, 03:42 PM
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Welcome to the 4G
The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wirelessaccess communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems.One of the term used to describe 4G is MAGIC-Mobile multimedia
Anytime anywhere
Global mobility support
Integrated wireless solution &
Customized personal service
The 4th generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobilephone networks, in to end to end IP based networks. If 4G is implementedcorrectly, it will truly harmonize global warming.
Before 1G
0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology….
The system were called “cellular” because large coverage areas were split intosmaller areas or “cells", each cell is served by a low power transmitter &receiver.
At the end of the 1940’s the first radio telephone service was introduced,&was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephoneNetworks
In the sixties, a system launched by Bell systems called IMTS, or “ImprovedMobile Telephone Service", brought quite a few improvements such as directdialing & more bandwidth
1G or First generation
The 1G,or First generation. It was an analogous system & was developed in theseventies.1G had two major improvements, this was the invention of the microprocessor.& the digital transform of the control page link between the phone and the cell site.”AMPS” was first launched by USA & is 1G system. It was based on FDMA used to make voice calls in one country.
2G, or Second generation
2G phones using global system for mobile communication(GSM)were first used in the early 1990s in Europe.GSM provide voice and limited data services, and uses digital modulation for improved audio quality. Digital AMPS,SDMA were some of the 2G systems.
3G,or Third Generation
The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phone by allowing audio, video & graphics application.
The idea behind the 3G is to have single network standard instead of the different types used in US, Europe & Asia. Telecommunication systems(UMTS)or IMT 2000,will sustain higher data rates & open to door to many Internet style application.
DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
1G
Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity & poor handoff reliability
2G
The GSM is circuit switched, connection oriented technology, were end system are dedicated for the entire call session
This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth & resources. The GSM-enabled system do not support high data rates. They are unable to handle complex data such as video.
3G
High bandwidth requirement
High spectrum licensing fees
Huge capital
Comparison of 3G with 4G
4G or Fourth generation
Some possible standards of the 4G system are 802.20, WiMax(802.16)
HSPDA, UMTS,TDD UMTS & future version of UMTS & proprietary network form ArryComm Inc., NaviniNetworks, Flarion Technologies, and 4G effort in India, China & Japan
The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM, which is the key enabler of the 4G technology. Other technological aspects of the 4g technology are adaptive processing & smart antennas, both of which will be used in 3G networks & enhance rates when used with OFDM
FEATURES
Faster & more reliable
100 Mb/s(802.11g wireless=54 Mb/s,3G=2 Mb/s)
Lower cost than previous generation.
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, wired, wireless(802.11x)
Ad Hoc networking
IPv6 core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Different access technology
FDMA:-It is a method were the spectrum is cut up in to different frequencies & then this chunk given to the users. At one time only one user is assigned to a frequency because of this the frequency is closed, until the call is ended, or it is passed on to another frequency.
TDMA:-It makes use of the whole available spectrum, unlike FDMA. Instead of splitting the slot of frequency. It split them by time, over all of the frequency. Each subscriber is given a time slot as opposed to a frequency therefore many uses can sit on one frequency & have different time slots, because the time slots are switched so rapidly TDMA is used for 2G networks.
CDMA:-Uses the spread spectrum method, the way it works means its highly encrypted, so its was no surprise it was developed & used by the military. Unlike FDMA,CDMA allows the user to sit on all the available frequencies at the same time, & hop between then. Each call is identified by its unique code, hence the term code division.
HOW OFDM WORKS
Orthogonal FDM’s spread spectrum technique spreads the data over a lot of carriers that are spread apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the “orthogonality” in this method which prevent the receivers/demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own specific one.
MIMO
It uses signal multiplexing between multiple transmitting antennas(space multiplex) and time or frequency.
It is well suited to OFDM, as it is possible to process independent time symbol as soon as the OFDM waveform is correctly designed for the channel.
This aspect of OFDM greatly simplifies processing. The signal transmitted by m antennas is received by n antennas.
In principle, MIMO is more efficient when many multiple signals are received.
4G technologies
Smart Antennas
Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the user as they move
Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference
Can’t keep up transmission speeds whiole device is moving fast(i.e. in car) only 32Mbps at 62Mph(vs100Mb/s)
Smart antenna technology
Seamless handoff between towers/access points
One transmit antenna, two receive antennas
Allow connection to two access points at once
IPv6 support
IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large, number of wireless-enabled devices. By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation(NAT), a method of sharing a limited number of addresses among a larger group of devices, although NAT will still be required to communicate with devices that are on existing IPv4 networks.
As of June 2009,version has posted specifications that require any 4g devices on its network to support IPv6
APPLICATION
VIRTUAL PRESENCE 4G system gives mobile users a “virtual presence” (for ex, always on connection to keep people on event)video conferencing
VIRTUAL NAVIGATION a remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted on rapid sequences to a vehicle.
TELE-GEOPROCESSING queries dependent on location information of several users in addition to temporal aspects have many application e.g. GIS,GPS
The news about 4G
First step towards the full range of Wimax/4G Applications.
This successful implementation of the OFDM waveform is the first step in military technologies plan to implement the complete IEEE.802.16 family of wireless data application
The new Wi-Fi gels with 4G
More robust standard for high-speed broadband wireless delivery to laptops and desktops will augment the burgeoning Wi-Fi market beginning in late 2004
Welcome to the 4G
The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wirelessaccess communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems.One of the term used to describe 4G is MAGIC-Mobile multimedia
Anytime anywhere
Global mobility support
Integrated wireless solution &
Customized personal service
The 4th generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobilephone networks, in to end to end IP based networks. If 4G is implementedcorrectly, it will truly harmonize global warming.
Before 1G
0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology….
The system were called “cellular” because large coverage areas were split intosmaller areas or “cells", each cell is served by a low power transmitter &receiver.
At the end of the 1940’s the first radio telephone service was introduced,&was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephoneNetworks
In the sixties, a system launched by Bell systems called IMTS, or “ImprovedMobile Telephone Service", brought quite a few improvements such as directdialing & more bandwidth
1G or First generation
The 1G,or First generation. It was an analogous system & was developed in theseventies.1G had two major improvements, this was the invention of the microprocessor.& the digital transform of the control page link between the phone and the cell site.”AMPS” was first launched by USA & is 1G system. It was based on FDMA used to make voice calls in one country.
2G, or Second generation
2G phones using global system for mobile communication(GSM)were first used in the early 1990s in Europe.GSM provide voice and limited data services, and uses digital modulation for improved audio quality. Digital AMPS,SDMA were some of the 2G systems.
3G,or Third Generation
The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phone by allowing audio, video & graphics application.
The idea behind the 3G is to have single network standard instead of the different types used in US, Europe & Asia. Telecommunication systems(UMTS)or IMT 2000,will sustain higher data rates & open to door to many Internet style application.
DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
1G
Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity & poor handoff reliability
2G
The GSM is circuit switched, connection oriented technology, were end system are dedicated for the entire call session
This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth & resources. The GSM-enabled system do not support high data rates. They are unable to handle complex data such as video.
3G
High bandwidth requirement
High spectrum licensing fees
Huge capital
Comparison of 3G with 4G
4G or Fourth generation
Some possible standards of the 4G system are 802.20, WiMax(802.16)
HSPDA, UMTS,TDD UMTS & future version of UMTS & proprietary network form ArryComm Inc., NaviniNetworks, Flarion Technologies, and 4G effort in India, China & Japan
The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM, which is the key enabler of the 4G technology. Other technological aspects of the 4g technology are adaptive processing & smart antennas, both of which will be used in 3G networks & enhance rates when used with OFDM
FEATURES
Faster & more reliable
100 Mb/s(802.11g wireless=54 Mb/s,3G=2 Mb/s)
Lower cost than previous generation.
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, wired, wireless(802.11x)
Ad Hoc networking
IPv6 core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Different access technology
FDMA:-It is a method were the spectrum is cut up in to different frequencies & then this chunk given to the users. At one time only one user is assigned to a frequency because of this the frequency is closed, until the call is ended, or it is passed on to another frequency.
TDMA:-It makes use of the whole available spectrum, unlike FDMA. Instead of splitting the slot of frequency. It split them by time, over all of the frequency. Each subscriber is given a time slot as opposed to a frequency therefore many uses can sit on one frequency & have different time slots, because the time slots are switched so rapidly TDMA is used for 2G networks.
CDMA:-Uses the spread spectrum method, the way it works means its highly encrypted, so its was no surprise it was developed & used by the military. Unlike FDMA,CDMA allows the user to sit on all the available frequencies at the same time, & hop between then. Each call is identified by its unique code, hence the term code division.
HOW OFDM WORKS
Orthogonal FDM’s spread spectrum technique spreads the data over a lot of carriers that are spread apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the “orthogonality” in this method which prevent the receivers/demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own specific one.
MIMO
It uses signal multiplexing between multiple transmitting antennas(space multiplex) and time or frequency.
It is well suited to OFDM, as it is possible to process independent time symbol as soon as the OFDM waveform is correctly designed for the channel.
This aspect of OFDM greatly simplifies processing. The signal transmitted by m antennas is received by n antennas.
In principle, MIMO is more efficient when many multiple signals are received.
4G technologies
Smart Antennas
Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the user as they move
Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference
Can’t keep up transmission speeds whiole device is moving fast(i.e. in car) only 32Mbps at 62Mph(vs100Mb/s)
Smart antenna technology
Seamless handoff between towers/access points
One transmit antenna, two receive antennas
Allow connection to two access points at once
IPv6 support
IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large, number of wireless-enabled devices. By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation(NAT), a method of sharing a limited number of addresses among a larger group of devices, although NAT will still be required to communicate with devices that are on existing IPv4 networks.
As of June 2009,version has posted specifications that require any 4g devices on its network to support IPv6
APPLICATION
VIRTUAL PRESENCE 4G system gives mobile users a “virtual presence” (for ex, always on connection to keep people on event)video conferencing
VIRTUAL NAVIGATION a remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted on rapid sequences to a vehicle.
TELE-GEOPROCESSING queries dependent on location information of several users in addition to temporal aspects have many application e.g. GIS,GPS
The news about 4G
First step towards the full range of Wimax/4G Applications.
This successful implementation of the OFDM waveform is the first step in military technologies plan to implement the complete IEEE.802.16 family of wireless data application
The new Wi-Fi gels with 4G
More robust standard for high-speed broadband wireless delivery to laptops and desktops will augment the burgeoning Wi-Fi market beginning in late 2004
