28-03-2011, 10:29 AM
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1. INTRODUCTION
ITS is an international program aimed at using advanced technology for improving the efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of land transportation. It incorporates a wide variety of advanced technology systems and products.
The development and deployment of ITS has only increased the importance of the transportation issue. Until recently, surface transportation was largely the domain of construction companies and the large automobile manufacturers. The development of ITS, however, has turned the providers of advanced technologies, products, and services into important players in the industry. The opportunities many of these non-traditional transportation companies have already realized will secure the continued contribution of both public- and private-sector investment in transportation and guarantee a steady flow of new developments to increase safety and efficiency.
The concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems was first introduced as a concept of automating traffic flows. Intelligent Transportation Systemic the incorporation of information technologies and advances in electronics into all parts of the transportation network. Simply speaking, it is the application of technology to transportation systems. Thus Intelligent Transportation Systems involve the integration of technology in areas such as communications, information systems sensors, and operation research methods with conventional transportation infrastructure to address many transportation issues that confront the conventional system at this time.
As more electronics are incorporated into the automobiles at higher rates, a new automotive market is developing - The Intelligent Vehicles market. These systems, applied to automobiles, will affect the vehicle in three basic functional areas - Basic vehicle, Safety and security and Telematics. Intelligent Vehicles systems will help lessen traffic congestion, improve safety, driver comfort and convenience, and foster a cleaner environment.
Thus, Intelligent Transportation Systems improve safety, mobility, efficiency, productivity, and environmental quality for humanity. These goals are accomplished on the vehicle side through the application of electronics and communication technologies to advanced mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems. Thus, in cars, Intelligent Transportation Systems help drivers navigate, avoid traffic holdups and avoid collisions. On trains and buses, they let managers optimize fleet operation and offer passengers automatic ticketing and real-time running information. On the road network, Intelligent Transportation Systems co-ordinate traffic signals, detect and manage incidents and display information, guidance and instructions to drivers. Thus, The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a new transportation system which is comprised of an advanced information and telecommunications network for users, roads and vehicles, as is illustrated in the following figure
2. ITS LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE
3. ITS ARCHITECTURE
Intelligent Transportation Systems is a worldwide initiative to apply modern communication technology to make our transport system safer, less congested and less polluting and also enhance the existing highway infrastructure which improves safety on the highways, increases capacity on the highways, and makes them function at a more efficient level. These goals can be achieved by a number of different systems and services. The topic of Intelligent Transportation Systems being very vast, there is no proper classification available, since all the components of Intelligent Transportation Systems is very much interrelated. But as any system is, Intelligent Transportation Systems also consists of ITS basic components and services.
The Intelligent Transportation System components make up the whole physical architecture, which account for how the system works. Thus it has been subdivided into the two functional areas as given below - The technology oriented functional areas and the application oriented functional areas. The technology oriented functional areas include many systems such as The Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) which gathers and compiles information to disseminate it to the public, The Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) which provide data directly to travelers, The Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) which takes total control of vehicles on the roads, The Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway Systems (AHS), The Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), etc. The application oriented functional areas include The Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS), The Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS), Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) and many more other systems components.
4. Intelligent transportation technologies:
Intelligent transportation systems vary in technologies applied, from basic management systems such as car navigation; traffic signal control systems; container management systems; variable message signs; automatic number plate recognition or speed cameras to monitoring applications, such as security CCTV systems; and to more advanced applications that integrate live data and feedback from a number of other sources, such as parking guidance and information systems; weather information; bridge deicing systems; and the like. Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed in order to allow advanced modeling and comparison with historical baseline data. Some of the constituent technologies typically implemented in ITS are described in the following sections.
1. INTRODUCTION
ITS is an international program aimed at using advanced technology for improving the efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of land transportation. It incorporates a wide variety of advanced technology systems and products.
The development and deployment of ITS has only increased the importance of the transportation issue. Until recently, surface transportation was largely the domain of construction companies and the large automobile manufacturers. The development of ITS, however, has turned the providers of advanced technologies, products, and services into important players in the industry. The opportunities many of these non-traditional transportation companies have already realized will secure the continued contribution of both public- and private-sector investment in transportation and guarantee a steady flow of new developments to increase safety and efficiency.
The concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems was first introduced as a concept of automating traffic flows. Intelligent Transportation Systemic the incorporation of information technologies and advances in electronics into all parts of the transportation network. Simply speaking, it is the application of technology to transportation systems. Thus Intelligent Transportation Systems involve the integration of technology in areas such as communications, information systems sensors, and operation research methods with conventional transportation infrastructure to address many transportation issues that confront the conventional system at this time.
As more electronics are incorporated into the automobiles at higher rates, a new automotive market is developing - The Intelligent Vehicles market. These systems, applied to automobiles, will affect the vehicle in three basic functional areas - Basic vehicle, Safety and security and Telematics. Intelligent Vehicles systems will help lessen traffic congestion, improve safety, driver comfort and convenience, and foster a cleaner environment.
Thus, Intelligent Transportation Systems improve safety, mobility, efficiency, productivity, and environmental quality for humanity. These goals are accomplished on the vehicle side through the application of electronics and communication technologies to advanced mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems. Thus, in cars, Intelligent Transportation Systems help drivers navigate, avoid traffic holdups and avoid collisions. On trains and buses, they let managers optimize fleet operation and offer passengers automatic ticketing and real-time running information. On the road network, Intelligent Transportation Systems co-ordinate traffic signals, detect and manage incidents and display information, guidance and instructions to drivers. Thus, The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a new transportation system which is comprised of an advanced information and telecommunications network for users, roads and vehicles, as is illustrated in the following figure
2. ITS LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE
3. ITS ARCHITECTURE
Intelligent Transportation Systems is a worldwide initiative to apply modern communication technology to make our transport system safer, less congested and less polluting and also enhance the existing highway infrastructure which improves safety on the highways, increases capacity on the highways, and makes them function at a more efficient level. These goals can be achieved by a number of different systems and services. The topic of Intelligent Transportation Systems being very vast, there is no proper classification available, since all the components of Intelligent Transportation Systems is very much interrelated. But as any system is, Intelligent Transportation Systems also consists of ITS basic components and services.
The Intelligent Transportation System components make up the whole physical architecture, which account for how the system works. Thus it has been subdivided into the two functional areas as given below - The technology oriented functional areas and the application oriented functional areas. The technology oriented functional areas include many systems such as The Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) which gathers and compiles information to disseminate it to the public, The Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) which provide data directly to travelers, The Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) which takes total control of vehicles on the roads, The Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway Systems (AHS), The Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), etc. The application oriented functional areas include The Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS), The Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS), Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) and many more other systems components.
4. Intelligent transportation technologies:
Intelligent transportation systems vary in technologies applied, from basic management systems such as car navigation; traffic signal control systems; container management systems; variable message signs; automatic number plate recognition or speed cameras to monitoring applications, such as security CCTV systems; and to more advanced applications that integrate live data and feedback from a number of other sources, such as parking guidance and information systems; weather information; bridge deicing systems; and the like. Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed in order to allow advanced modeling and comparison with historical baseline data. Some of the constituent technologies typically implemented in ITS are described in the following sections.
