25-03-2011, 11:49 AM
[attachment=10972]
Pervasive Computing
• Parts of the slides are extracted from those of Profs. Mark Weiser, Deborah Estrin, Akbar Sayeed, Jack Stankovic, Mani Srivastava, Esa Tuulari, Qiong Luo, Chung-Ta King, and so on.
The Trends in Computing Technology
1970s
1990s
Late 1990s
Now and Tomorrow ?
Pervasive Computing Era
What is pervasive computing?
• An environment in which people interact with embedded (and mostly invisible) computers (processors) and in which networked devices are aware of their surroundings and peers and are able to provide services or use services from peers effectively
• Several terms that share a common vision
– Pervasive Computing
– Ubiquitous Computing
– Ambient Intelligence
– Wearable Computing
– Context Awareness
Pervasive Computing Environments
• Goals of Pervasive (Ubiquitous) Computing
• Ultimate goal:
– Invisible technology
– Integration of virtual and physical worlds
– Throughout desks, rooms, buildings, and life
– Take the data out of environment, leaving behind just an enhanced ability to act
Pervasive Computing Phase I
• Phase I
– Smart, ubiquitous I/O devices: tabs, pads, and boards
– Hundreds of computers per person, but casual, low-intensity use
– Many, many “displays”: audio, visual, environmental
– Wireless networks
– Location-based, context-aware services
– Using a computer should be as refreshing as a walk in the woods
Smart Objects
• Real world objects are enriched with information processing capabilities
• Embedded processors
– in everyday objects
– small, cheap, lightweight
• Communication capability
– wired or wireless
– spontaneous networking and interaction
• Sensors and actuators
• Can remember pertinent events
– They have a memory
• Show context-sensitive behavior
– They may have sensors
– Location/situation/context
awareness
• Are responsive/proactive
– Communicate with environment
– Networked with other smart objects
Pervasive (Ubiquitous) Computing Vision
“In the 21st century the technology revolution will move into the everyday, the small and the invisible…”
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabrics of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
Mark Weiser (1952 –1999), XEROX PARC
• Pervasive Computing Enablers
• Moore’s Law of IC Technologies
• Communication Technologies
• Material Technologies
• Sensors/Actuators
• First Enabler: Moore‘s Law
• Processing speed and storage capacity double every 18 months
– “cheaper, smaller, faster”
• Exponential increase
– will probably go on for the next 10 years at the same rate
• Generalized Moore’s Law
• Most important technology parameters double every 1–3 years:
– computation cycles
– memory, magnetic disks
– bandwidth
• Consequence:
– scaling down
• 2nd Enabler: Communication
• Bandwidth of single fibers ~10 Gb/s
– 2002: ~20 Tb/s with wavelength multiplex
– Powerline
– coffee maker “automatically” connected to the Internet
• Wireless
– mobile phone: GSM, GPRS, 3G
– wireless LAN (> 10 Mb/s)
– Bluetooth
• Room networks, body area networks
• Internet-on-a-chip
• Ubiquitous Information
• Body Area Networks
• Very low current (some nA), some kb/s through the human body
• Possible applications:
– Car recognize driver
– Pay when touching
the door of a bus
– Phone configures itself
when it is touched
• Spontaneous Networking
• Objects in an open, distributed, dynamic world find each other and form a transitory community
– Devices recognize that
they “belong together”
3rd Enabler: New Materials
• Important: whole eras named after materials
– e.g., “Stone Age”, “Iron Age”, “Pottery Age”, etc.
– Recent: semiconductors, fibers
– information and communication technologies
– Organic semiconductors
– change the external appearance of computers
• “Plastic” laser
– Opto-electronics, flexible displays,…
• Smart Paper, Electronic Ink
• Electronic ink
– micro capsules, white on one side and black on the other
– oriented by electrical field
– substrate could be an array of plastic transistors
• Potentially high contrast, low energy, flexible
• Interactive: writable with magnetic pen
• Interactive Map
• Foldable and rollable
Smart Clothing
• Conductive textiles and inks
– print electrically active patterns directly onto fabrics
• Sensors based on fabric
– e.g., monitor pulse, blood pressure, body temperature
• Invisible collar microphones
• Kidswear
– game console on the sleeve?
– integrated GPS-driven locators?
– integrated small cameras (to keep the parents calm)?
Smart Glasses
• By 2009, computers will disappear. Visual information will be written directly onto our
retinas by devices in
our eyeglasses and
Pervasive Computing
• Parts of the slides are extracted from those of Profs. Mark Weiser, Deborah Estrin, Akbar Sayeed, Jack Stankovic, Mani Srivastava, Esa Tuulari, Qiong Luo, Chung-Ta King, and so on.
The Trends in Computing Technology
1970s
1990s
Late 1990s
Now and Tomorrow ?
Pervasive Computing Era
What is pervasive computing?
• An environment in which people interact with embedded (and mostly invisible) computers (processors) and in which networked devices are aware of their surroundings and peers and are able to provide services or use services from peers effectively
• Several terms that share a common vision
– Pervasive Computing
– Ubiquitous Computing
– Ambient Intelligence
– Wearable Computing
– Context Awareness
Pervasive Computing Environments
• Goals of Pervasive (Ubiquitous) Computing
• Ultimate goal:
– Invisible technology
– Integration of virtual and physical worlds
– Throughout desks, rooms, buildings, and life
– Take the data out of environment, leaving behind just an enhanced ability to act
Pervasive Computing Phase I
• Phase I
– Smart, ubiquitous I/O devices: tabs, pads, and boards
– Hundreds of computers per person, but casual, low-intensity use
– Many, many “displays”: audio, visual, environmental
– Wireless networks
– Location-based, context-aware services
– Using a computer should be as refreshing as a walk in the woods
Smart Objects
• Real world objects are enriched with information processing capabilities
• Embedded processors
– in everyday objects
– small, cheap, lightweight
• Communication capability
– wired or wireless
– spontaneous networking and interaction
• Sensors and actuators
• Can remember pertinent events
– They have a memory
• Show context-sensitive behavior
– They may have sensors
– Location/situation/context
awareness
• Are responsive/proactive
– Communicate with environment
– Networked with other smart objects
Pervasive (Ubiquitous) Computing Vision
“In the 21st century the technology revolution will move into the everyday, the small and the invisible…”
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabrics of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
Mark Weiser (1952 –1999), XEROX PARC
• Pervasive Computing Enablers
• Moore’s Law of IC Technologies
• Communication Technologies
• Material Technologies
• Sensors/Actuators
• First Enabler: Moore‘s Law
• Processing speed and storage capacity double every 18 months
– “cheaper, smaller, faster”
• Exponential increase
– will probably go on for the next 10 years at the same rate
• Generalized Moore’s Law
• Most important technology parameters double every 1–3 years:
– computation cycles
– memory, magnetic disks
– bandwidth
• Consequence:
– scaling down
• 2nd Enabler: Communication
• Bandwidth of single fibers ~10 Gb/s
– 2002: ~20 Tb/s with wavelength multiplex
– Powerline
– coffee maker “automatically” connected to the Internet
• Wireless
– mobile phone: GSM, GPRS, 3G
– wireless LAN (> 10 Mb/s)
– Bluetooth
• Room networks, body area networks
• Internet-on-a-chip
• Ubiquitous Information
• Body Area Networks
• Very low current (some nA), some kb/s through the human body
• Possible applications:
– Car recognize driver
– Pay when touching
the door of a bus
– Phone configures itself
when it is touched
• Spontaneous Networking
• Objects in an open, distributed, dynamic world find each other and form a transitory community
– Devices recognize that
they “belong together”
3rd Enabler: New Materials
• Important: whole eras named after materials
– e.g., “Stone Age”, “Iron Age”, “Pottery Age”, etc.
– Recent: semiconductors, fibers
– information and communication technologies
– Organic semiconductors
– change the external appearance of computers
• “Plastic” laser
– Opto-electronics, flexible displays,…
• Smart Paper, Electronic Ink
• Electronic ink
– micro capsules, white on one side and black on the other
– oriented by electrical field
– substrate could be an array of plastic transistors
• Potentially high contrast, low energy, flexible
• Interactive: writable with magnetic pen
• Interactive Map
• Foldable and rollable
Smart Clothing
• Conductive textiles and inks
– print electrically active patterns directly onto fabrics
• Sensors based on fabric
– e.g., monitor pulse, blood pressure, body temperature
• Invisible collar microphones
• Kidswear
– game console on the sleeve?
– integrated GPS-driven locators?
– integrated small cameras (to keep the parents calm)?
Smart Glasses
• By 2009, computers will disappear. Visual information will be written directly onto our
retinas by devices in
our eyeglasses and
