18-03-2011, 09:41 AM
Presented By:
Prashant Khandelwal
[attachment=10452]
What is Iris?
1.The colored part of the eye is called the iris. It controls light levels inside the eye.
2.The iris is embedded with tiny muscles that dilate and constrict the pupil size.
3.The iris is flat and divides the front of the eye from the back of the eye.
4.Its color comes from microscopic pigment cells called melanin.
Eye Diagram
Characteristics of Iris
1.Has highly distinguishing texture.
2.Right eye differs from left eye.
3.Twins have different iris texture.
4.Iris pattern remains unchanged after the age of two and does not degrade overtime or with the environment.
5.Iris patterns are extremely complex than other biometric patterns.
History of Eye-Pattern Recognition System
1.In the mid-1980s, ophthalmologists Leonard Flom and Aran Safir realized that no two patient’s irises were alike.
2.In 1987, the pair were issued the so-called Flom patent, which has given the company they founded, Iridian Technologies, dominance in the iris-recognition market.
Need of Eye-Pattern Recognition Technology
1.Illusion for Data Privacy.
2.Passwords, or Social Security Numbers can be cracked easily.
3.Eye pattern recognition system virtually eliminates fake authentication and identity privacy and safely controls authorized entry to sensitive sites, data or material.
4.Iris Pattern is most distinguished than any other facial feature and do not change overtime and research show the matching accuracy of iris recognition systems is greater than that of DNA testing.
5.Iris recognition system is easy to operate, comfortable and is virtually impossible to deceive.
6.Since the iris is a protected internal organ whose random texture is stable throughout life, it can serve as a living password that one need not remember but one always carries. .
Procedure
Infrared Eye imaging
Creation of an Iris code
Iris recognition
Infrared Eye imaging
The iris scan process begins with a photograph. A specialized camera, typically very close to the subject, not more than three feet, uses an infrared imager to illuminate the eye and capture a very high-resolution photograph. This process takes 1 to 2 seconds.
Creation of an Iris code
The picture of eye first is processed by software that localizes the inner and outer boundaries of the iris. And it is encoded by image-processing technologies.
Iris recognition
In less than few seconds, even on a database of millions of records, the iriscode template generated from a live image is compared to previously enrolled ones to see if it matches to any of them.
Techniques used
Iris Localization
Iris Normalization
Image Enhancement
Iris Localization
1.Both the inner boundary and the outer boundary of a typical iris can be taken as circles.
2.But the two circles are usually not co-centric. The inner boundary between the pupil and the iris is detected.
3.The outer boundary of the iris is more difficult to detect because of the low contrast between the wo sides of the boundary.
4.The outer boundary is detected by maximizing changes of the perimeter- normalized along the circle.
Iris Normalization
1.The size of the pupil may change due to the variation of the illumination and the associated elastic deformations in the iris texture may interfere with the results of pattern matching.
2.Since both the inner and outer boundaries of the iris have been detected, it is easy to map the iris ring to a rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.
Image Enhancement
1.The original image has low contrast and may have non-uniform illumination caused by the position of the light source.
2.These may impair the result of the texture analysis.
Advantages
1.Iris is an internal organ which is highly transparent and sensitive membrane. It is more persistent than fingerprints as they tend to fade under manual labor.
2.The iris has a fine texture which is determined randomly during embryonic gestation. Even genetically identical individuals have completely independent iris textures, whereas DNA is not unique for the about 0.2% of the human population who have a genetically identical twin.
3.An iris scan is similar to taking a photograph and can be performed from about 10 cm to a few meters away.
Disadvantages
Iris scanning being a new technology is incompatible with most electronic gadgets present.
1.Iris recognition is very difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters and without proper cooperation of the person.
2.As with other photographic biometric technologies, iris recognition is susceptible to poor image quality.
3.Equipments used for scanning are very expensive.
Applications
1.United Arab Emirates Iris Guard's Homeland Security Border Control has been operating an expellee tracking system in the United Arab Emirates since 2001, when it launched a national border-crossing security initiative.
2.One of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardized by ICAO for use in future passports .
3.Iris recognition technology has been implemented by BioID Technologies SA in Pakistan for UNHCR repatriation project to control aid distribution for Afghan refugees.
4.At Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, iris recognition has permitted passport-free immigration since 2001.
5.In a number of US and Canadian airports, as part of the NEXUS program that facilitates entry into the US and Canada for pre-approved, low-risk travelers.
6.In several Canadian airports, as part of the CANPASS Air program that facilitates entry into Canada for pre-approved, low-risk air travelers.
Conclusion
1.Iris recognition has proven to be a very useful and versatile security measure.
2.It is a quick and accurate way of identifying an individual with no chance for human error.
3.Iris recognition is widely used in the transportation industry and can have many applications in other fields where security is necessary.
4.Iris recognition will prove to be a widely used security measure in the future.
Prashant Khandelwal
[attachment=10452]
What is Iris?
1.The colored part of the eye is called the iris. It controls light levels inside the eye.
2.The iris is embedded with tiny muscles that dilate and constrict the pupil size.
3.The iris is flat and divides the front of the eye from the back of the eye.
4.Its color comes from microscopic pigment cells called melanin.
Eye Diagram
Characteristics of Iris
1.Has highly distinguishing texture.
2.Right eye differs from left eye.
3.Twins have different iris texture.
4.Iris pattern remains unchanged after the age of two and does not degrade overtime or with the environment.
5.Iris patterns are extremely complex than other biometric patterns.
History of Eye-Pattern Recognition System
1.In the mid-1980s, ophthalmologists Leonard Flom and Aran Safir realized that no two patient’s irises were alike.
2.In 1987, the pair were issued the so-called Flom patent, which has given the company they founded, Iridian Technologies, dominance in the iris-recognition market.
Need of Eye-Pattern Recognition Technology
1.Illusion for Data Privacy.
2.Passwords, or Social Security Numbers can be cracked easily.
3.Eye pattern recognition system virtually eliminates fake authentication and identity privacy and safely controls authorized entry to sensitive sites, data or material.
4.Iris Pattern is most distinguished than any other facial feature and do not change overtime and research show the matching accuracy of iris recognition systems is greater than that of DNA testing.
5.Iris recognition system is easy to operate, comfortable and is virtually impossible to deceive.
6.Since the iris is a protected internal organ whose random texture is stable throughout life, it can serve as a living password that one need not remember but one always carries. .
Procedure
Infrared Eye imaging
Creation of an Iris code
Iris recognition
Infrared Eye imaging
The iris scan process begins with a photograph. A specialized camera, typically very close to the subject, not more than three feet, uses an infrared imager to illuminate the eye and capture a very high-resolution photograph. This process takes 1 to 2 seconds.
Creation of an Iris code
The picture of eye first is processed by software that localizes the inner and outer boundaries of the iris. And it is encoded by image-processing technologies.
Iris recognition
In less than few seconds, even on a database of millions of records, the iriscode template generated from a live image is compared to previously enrolled ones to see if it matches to any of them.
Techniques used
Iris Localization
Iris Normalization
Image Enhancement
Iris Localization
1.Both the inner boundary and the outer boundary of a typical iris can be taken as circles.
2.But the two circles are usually not co-centric. The inner boundary between the pupil and the iris is detected.
3.The outer boundary of the iris is more difficult to detect because of the low contrast between the wo sides of the boundary.
4.The outer boundary is detected by maximizing changes of the perimeter- normalized along the circle.
Iris Normalization
1.The size of the pupil may change due to the variation of the illumination and the associated elastic deformations in the iris texture may interfere with the results of pattern matching.
2.Since both the inner and outer boundaries of the iris have been detected, it is easy to map the iris ring to a rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.
Image Enhancement
1.The original image has low contrast and may have non-uniform illumination caused by the position of the light source.
2.These may impair the result of the texture analysis.
Advantages
1.Iris is an internal organ which is highly transparent and sensitive membrane. It is more persistent than fingerprints as they tend to fade under manual labor.
2.The iris has a fine texture which is determined randomly during embryonic gestation. Even genetically identical individuals have completely independent iris textures, whereas DNA is not unique for the about 0.2% of the human population who have a genetically identical twin.
3.An iris scan is similar to taking a photograph and can be performed from about 10 cm to a few meters away.
Disadvantages
Iris scanning being a new technology is incompatible with most electronic gadgets present.
1.Iris recognition is very difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters and without proper cooperation of the person.
2.As with other photographic biometric technologies, iris recognition is susceptible to poor image quality.
3.Equipments used for scanning are very expensive.
Applications
1.United Arab Emirates Iris Guard's Homeland Security Border Control has been operating an expellee tracking system in the United Arab Emirates since 2001, when it launched a national border-crossing security initiative.
2.One of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardized by ICAO for use in future passports .
3.Iris recognition technology has been implemented by BioID Technologies SA in Pakistan for UNHCR repatriation project to control aid distribution for Afghan refugees.
4.At Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, iris recognition has permitted passport-free immigration since 2001.
5.In a number of US and Canadian airports, as part of the NEXUS program that facilitates entry into the US and Canada for pre-approved, low-risk travelers.
6.In several Canadian airports, as part of the CANPASS Air program that facilitates entry into Canada for pre-approved, low-risk air travelers.
Conclusion
1.Iris recognition has proven to be a very useful and versatile security measure.
2.It is a quick and accurate way of identifying an individual with no chance for human error.
3.Iris recognition is widely used in the transportation industry and can have many applications in other fields where security is necessary.
4.Iris recognition will prove to be a widely used security measure in the future.
