SmartCars and SmartRoads full report

[seminar project explorer]

Smart Cars
Athul Vijay & Arjun Sreenivas
S4, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology

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Abstract
Science is a long way from producing machine as powerful as the human brain. However, the
search fo artificial intelligence has come a long way since the first robots. New technologies
enables scientists to produce devices capable of a range of human-like action, while many
scientists now look to the insect world for inspiration for tomorrow’s thinking machines. This
paper aims at three basic concepts of driving that is vehicle efficiency, driver comfort & eco-
friendliness. The future is not something that we enter’ but we create. So, the smart car.
Smart cars just don’t mean cars that run on artificial intelligence. It’s a combination of works
assembled to make a masterpiece. Imagine a car with high efficiency, a car that can ease the
driver stress, increase the safety & finally be eco-friendly, when all this comes in one bundle we
get the smart cars. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of
computer science that aims to create it. The study and design of intelligent agents,"where an
intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its
chances of success. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism, but has also suffered
setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy
lifting for many of the mostdifficult problems in computer science. AI research is highly technical
and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. In
this paper we are discussing about the impacts of ai in automobile industry. I-car is the latest
emerging trend using ai as the base of operation. Most of the time, smart cars are mistaken with
hybrid vehicles, smart cars are vehicles that use the latest technologies along with ai & other
ultra modern technologies to ease human control over vehicle

Adaptive Cruise Control
Autonomous cruise control is an optional
cruise control system appearing on some
more upscale vehicles. The system goes
under many different trade names according
to the manufacturer. These systems use
either a radar or laser setup allowing the
vehicle to slow when approaching another
vehicle and accelerate again to the preset
speed when traffic allows. ACC technology
is widely regarded as a key component of
any future generations of intelligent cars.
Laser-based systems are significantly lower
in cost than radar-based systems; however,
laser-based ACC systems do not detect and
track vehicles well in adverse weather
conditions nor do they track extremely dirty
(non-reflective) vehicles very well. Laser-
based sensors must be exposed, the sensor (a
fairly-large black box) is typically found in
the lower grille offset to one side of the
vehicle. Radar-based sensors can be hidden
behind plastic fascias; however, the fascias
may look different from a vehicle without
the feature. For example, Mercedes
packages the radar behind the upper grille in
the center; however, the Mercedes grille on
such applications contains a solid plastic
panel in front of the radar with painted slats
to simulate the slats on the rest of the grille.
Radar-based systems are available on many
luxury cars as an option for approx. 1000-
3000 USD/euro. Laser-based systems are
available on some near luxury and luxury
cars as an option for approx. 400-600
USD.Two companies are developing a more
advanced cruise control that can
automatically adjust a car's speed to
maintain a safe following distance. This new
technology, called adaptive cruise control,
uses forward-looking radar, installed behind the grill of a vehicle, to detect the speed and
distance of the vehicle ahead of it.Adaptive
cruise control is similar to conventional
cruise control in that it maintains the
vehicle's pre-set speed. However, unlike
conventional cruise control, this new system
can automatically adjust speed in order to
maintain a proper distance between vehicles
in the same lane. This is achieved through
a radar headway sensor, digital signal
processor and longitudinal controller. If the
lead vehicle slows down, or if another object
is detected, the system sends a signal to the
engine or braking system to decelerate.
Then, when the road is clear, the system will
re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set
speed.The 77-GHz Autocruise radar system
made by TRW has a forward-looking range
of up to 492 feet (150 meters), and operates
at vehicle speeds ranging from 18.6 miles
per hour (30 kph) to 111 mph (180 kph).
Delphi's 76-GHz system can also detect
objects as far away as 492 feet, and operates
at speeds as low as 20 mph (32
kph).Adaptive cruise control is just a
preview of the technology being developed
by both companies. These systems are being
enhanced to include collision warning
capabilities that will warn drivers through
visual and/or audio signals that a collision is
imminent and that braking or evasive
steering is needed. The cruise control system
actually has a lot of functions other than
controlling the speed of your car. For
instance, the cruise control pictured below
can accelerate or decelerate the car by 1 mph
with the tap of a button. Hit the button five
times to go 5 mph faster. There are also
several important safety features -- the
cruise control will disengage as soon as you
hit the brake pedal, and it won't engage at
speeds less than 25 mph (40 kph).
BMW 7 Series, 5 series, 6 series, 3 series,
Audi A4

Lane Departure Warning System
If the car concludes that the driver is
drowsing (more on that later), it issues an
audible alarm, and an icon depicting a cup
of coffee flashes on the instrument panel The company's Driver Attention Warning
System uses a voice alarm: If a driver is
nodding off, the car announces "You are
tired," followed by "You are dangerously
tired! Stop as soon as it is safe to do so!"
The driver's seat also vibrates to help rouse
him or her. Additional measures, like
emitting puffs of air on the back of a dozing
driver's neck, vibrating steering wheels and
automatic steering that takes over and gently
uides you back into your lane when you
drift, may all be found in driver alert
systems soon. How can a car tell when
you're nodding off? Researchers are
tweaking already extant car safety
technologies and applying them in new
ways. For example, blind-spot warning
systems in today's digital cars keep an eye
out for other vehicles in places you can't see.
They also analyze your car's relation to its
lane and whether your turn signal's on or
not. Add to this system automatic steering
that kicks in when you drift, and you've got
part of a drowsy driver alert system. onboard
computer uses facial recognition software to
determine if you're drowsing. Night vision
cameras trained on your face analyze
slackening facial muscles, your blinking
patterns and how long your eyes stay closed
between blinks. Once it concludes you're no
longer awake, the system kicks in to rouse
you from your dangerous slumber.

Adaptive Highbeam
Adaptive Highbeam Assist is the newest
headlamp technology, introduced in 2009 in
the new generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class.
It is based on camera mounted behind the
windshield and automatically and
continuously adapts the headlamp range to
the distance of vehicles ahead or which are
oncoming. The same technology is also
present in the BMW 7 series. BMW's
version of this technology, developed in
cooperation with Mobileye, uses swiveling
headlights that always point in the direction
the vehicle is steering so therefore the road
ahead is better illuminated and obstacles
become visible sooner. Adaptive Highbeam
Assist is the newest headlamp technology,

Reference
1.Safety first: VDIM puts Toyota at the head
of the safety technology pack in Japan |
Automotive Industries | Find Articles at
BNET
2.”Revolutionary Lane departure system”
-Dr Kaimen James Jr.
3.AMC Smart Cars ,Mark Donohue
4.The Car That Changed The World , Bruce
W. McCalley