14-03-2011, 09:28 PM
Augmented Reality (AR)
Renjith.R & Bijin.V.S
(Department of computer application(MCA) ,Mohandas college of Engineering and technology
Anad, Trivandrum)
[attachment=10141]
Abstract
Technology has advanced to the point here realism in virtual reality is very achievable. However, in
our obsession to reproduce the world and human experience in virtual space, we overlook the most
important aspects of what makes us who we are—our reality. On the spectrum between virtual reality,
which creates immersible, computer-generated environments, and the real world, augmented reality
is closer to the real world. Augmented reality adds graphics, sounds, haptics and smell to the natural
world as it exists .Augmented reality will truly change the way we view the world. Picture yourself
walking or driving down the street. With augmented-reality displays, which will eventually look much
like a normal pair of glasses, informative graphics will appear in your field of view and audio will
coincide with whatever you see. These enhancements will be refreshed continually to reflect the
movements of your head. In this article, we will take a look at this future technology, its components
and how it will be used. Augmented reality (AR) refers to computer displays that add virtual
information to a user's sensory perceptions. Most AR research focuses on see-through devices,
usually worn on the head that overlay graphics and text on the user's view of his or her surroundings.
In general it superimposes graphics over a real world environment in real time.Augmented reality is
far more advanced than any technology you've seen in television broadcasts, although early versions
of augmented reality are starting to appear in televised races and football games. These systems
display graphics for only one point of view. Next-generation augmented-reality systems will display
graphics for each viewer's perspective.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. DEFINITION
Augmented reality (AR) is a field of
computer research which deals with the
combination of real world and computer
generated data. Augmented reality (AR) refers to
computer displays that add virtual information to
a user's sensory perceptions. It is a method for
visual improvement or enrichment of the
surrounding environment by overlaying spatially
aligned computer-generated information onto a
human's view (eyes)
Augmented Reality (AR) was introduced as
the opposite of virtual reality: instead of
immersing the user into a synthesized, purely
informational environment, the goal of AR is to
augment the real world with information
handling capabilities.
AR research focuses on see-through
devices, usually worn on the head that overlay
graphics and text on the user's view of his or her
surroundings. In general it superimposes
graphics over a real world environment in real
time.
An AR system adds virtual computer-
generated objects, audio and other sense
enhancements to a real-world environment in
real-time. These enhancements are added in a
way that the viewer cannot tell the difference
between the real and augmented world.
1.2 PROPERTIES
AR system to have the following properties:
1. Combines real and virtual objects in a real
environment;
2. Runs interactively, and in real time; and
3. Registers (aligns) real and virtual objects with
each other.
Definition of AR to particular display
technologies, such as a head mounted display
(HMD). Nor do we limit it to our sense of sight.
AR can potentially apply to all senses, including
hearing, touch, and smell.
2. AUGMENTED REALITY Vs VIRTUAL
REALITY
The term Virtual Reality was defined as "a
computer generated, interactive, three-dimensional
environment in which a person is immersed." There
are three key points in this definition. First, this
virtual environment is a computer generated three-
dimensional scene which requires high
performance computer graphics to provide an
adequate level of realism. The second point is that
the virtual world is interactive. A user requires real-
time response from the system to be able to interact
with it in an effective manner. The last point is that
the user is immersed in this virtual environment
One of the identifying marks of a virtual reality
system is the head mounted display worn by users.
These displays block out all the external world and
present to the wearer a view that is under the
complete control of the computer. The user is
completely immersed in an artificial world and
becomes divorced from the real environment.
A very visible difference between these two
types of systems is the immersiveness of the
system. Virtual reality strives for a totally
immersive environment. The visual, and in some
systems aural and proprioceptive, senses are under
control of the system.
In contrast, an augmented reality system
is augmenting the real world scene necessitating
that the user maintains a sense of presence in that
world. The virtual images are merged with the real
view to create the augmented display. There must
be a mechanism to combine the real and virtual that
is not present in other virtual reality work.
Developing the technology for merging the real and
virtual image streams is an active research topic .
3. Different AR Techniques
There are two basic techniques for
combining real and virtual objects; optical and
video techniques. While optical technique uses
an optical combiner, video technique uses a
computer for combining the video of the real
world (from video cameras) with virtual
images (computer generated). AR systems use
either Head Mounted Display (HMD), which
can be closed-view or see-through HMDs, or
use monitor-based configuration. While
closed-view HMDs do not allow real world
direct view, see-through HMDs allow it, with
virtual objects added via optical or video
techniques
4. What Makes AR Work?
The main components that make an AR system
works are,
1. Display
This corresponds to head mounted
devices where images are formed. Many objects
that do not exist in the real world can be put into
this environment and users can view and exam on
physical properties etc. are just parameters in
simulation.
2. Tracking
Getting the right information at the
right time and the right place is the key in all these
applications. Personal digital assistants such as the
Palm and the Pocket PC can provide timely
information using wireless networking and Global
Positioning System (GPS) receivers that constantly
track the handheld devices
3. Environment Sensing
It is the process of viewing or sensing
the real world scenes or even physical environment
which can be done either by using an optical
combiner, a video combiner or simply retinal view.
4. Visualization and Rendering
Some emerging trends in the recent
development of human-computer interaction (HCI)
can be observed. The trends are augmented reality,
computer supported cooperative work, ubiquitous
computing, and heterogeneous user interface. AR is
a method for visual improvement or enrichment of
the surrounding environment by overlaying
spatially aligned computer-generated information
onto a human's view (eyes).
This is how AR works.
Pick A Real World Scene
Real world. User's view through
the see-through head-worn display of the real
world, showing two struts and a node without
any overlaid graphics.
Add your Virtual Objects in it
User's view of the virtual world
intended to overlay the view of the real
world.
Delete Real World Objects
Not Virtual Reality since Environment
Real
these objects. The properties such as complexity,
5.Augmented Reality Application
Domains
Only recently have the capabilities of
real-time video image processing, computer
graphic systems and new display technologies
converged to make possible the display of a virtual
graphical image correctly registered with registered
with a view of the 3D environment surrounding the
user. Researchers working with augmented reality
systems have proposed them as solutions in many
domains. The areas that have been discussed range
from entertainment to military training. Many of
the domains, such as medical are also proposed for
traditional virtual reality system
Renjith.R & Bijin.V.S
(Department of computer application(MCA) ,Mohandas college of Engineering and technology
Anad, Trivandrum)
[attachment=10141]
Abstract
Technology has advanced to the point here realism in virtual reality is very achievable. However, in
our obsession to reproduce the world and human experience in virtual space, we overlook the most
important aspects of what makes us who we are—our reality. On the spectrum between virtual reality,
which creates immersible, computer-generated environments, and the real world, augmented reality
is closer to the real world. Augmented reality adds graphics, sounds, haptics and smell to the natural
world as it exists .Augmented reality will truly change the way we view the world. Picture yourself
walking or driving down the street. With augmented-reality displays, which will eventually look much
like a normal pair of glasses, informative graphics will appear in your field of view and audio will
coincide with whatever you see. These enhancements will be refreshed continually to reflect the
movements of your head. In this article, we will take a look at this future technology, its components
and how it will be used. Augmented reality (AR) refers to computer displays that add virtual
information to a user's sensory perceptions. Most AR research focuses on see-through devices,
usually worn on the head that overlay graphics and text on the user's view of his or her surroundings.
In general it superimposes graphics over a real world environment in real time.Augmented reality is
far more advanced than any technology you've seen in television broadcasts, although early versions
of augmented reality are starting to appear in televised races and football games. These systems
display graphics for only one point of view. Next-generation augmented-reality systems will display
graphics for each viewer's perspective.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. DEFINITION
Augmented reality (AR) is a field of
computer research which deals with the
combination of real world and computer
generated data. Augmented reality (AR) refers to
computer displays that add virtual information to
a user's sensory perceptions. It is a method for
visual improvement or enrichment of the
surrounding environment by overlaying spatially
aligned computer-generated information onto a
human's view (eyes)
Augmented Reality (AR) was introduced as
the opposite of virtual reality: instead of
immersing the user into a synthesized, purely
informational environment, the goal of AR is to
augment the real world with information
handling capabilities.
AR research focuses on see-through
devices, usually worn on the head that overlay
graphics and text on the user's view of his or her
surroundings. In general it superimposes
graphics over a real world environment in real
time.
An AR system adds virtual computer-
generated objects, audio and other sense
enhancements to a real-world environment in
real-time. These enhancements are added in a
way that the viewer cannot tell the difference
between the real and augmented world.
1.2 PROPERTIES
AR system to have the following properties:
1. Combines real and virtual objects in a real
environment;
2. Runs interactively, and in real time; and
3. Registers (aligns) real and virtual objects with
each other.
Definition of AR to particular display
technologies, such as a head mounted display
(HMD). Nor do we limit it to our sense of sight.
AR can potentially apply to all senses, including
hearing, touch, and smell.
2. AUGMENTED REALITY Vs VIRTUAL
REALITY
The term Virtual Reality was defined as "a
computer generated, interactive, three-dimensional
environment in which a person is immersed." There
are three key points in this definition. First, this
virtual environment is a computer generated three-
dimensional scene which requires high
performance computer graphics to provide an
adequate level of realism. The second point is that
the virtual world is interactive. A user requires real-
time response from the system to be able to interact
with it in an effective manner. The last point is that
the user is immersed in this virtual environment
One of the identifying marks of a virtual reality
system is the head mounted display worn by users.
These displays block out all the external world and
present to the wearer a view that is under the
complete control of the computer. The user is
completely immersed in an artificial world and
becomes divorced from the real environment.
A very visible difference between these two
types of systems is the immersiveness of the
system. Virtual reality strives for a totally
immersive environment. The visual, and in some
systems aural and proprioceptive, senses are under
control of the system.
In contrast, an augmented reality system
is augmenting the real world scene necessitating
that the user maintains a sense of presence in that
world. The virtual images are merged with the real
view to create the augmented display. There must
be a mechanism to combine the real and virtual that
is not present in other virtual reality work.
Developing the technology for merging the real and
virtual image streams is an active research topic .
3. Different AR Techniques
There are two basic techniques for
combining real and virtual objects; optical and
video techniques. While optical technique uses
an optical combiner, video technique uses a
computer for combining the video of the real
world (from video cameras) with virtual
images (computer generated). AR systems use
either Head Mounted Display (HMD), which
can be closed-view or see-through HMDs, or
use monitor-based configuration. While
closed-view HMDs do not allow real world
direct view, see-through HMDs allow it, with
virtual objects added via optical or video
techniques
4. What Makes AR Work?
The main components that make an AR system
works are,
1. Display
This corresponds to head mounted
devices where images are formed. Many objects
that do not exist in the real world can be put into
this environment and users can view and exam on
physical properties etc. are just parameters in
simulation.
2. Tracking
Getting the right information at the
right time and the right place is the key in all these
applications. Personal digital assistants such as the
Palm and the Pocket PC can provide timely
information using wireless networking and Global
Positioning System (GPS) receivers that constantly
track the handheld devices
3. Environment Sensing
It is the process of viewing or sensing
the real world scenes or even physical environment
which can be done either by using an optical
combiner, a video combiner or simply retinal view.
4. Visualization and Rendering
Some emerging trends in the recent
development of human-computer interaction (HCI)
can be observed. The trends are augmented reality,
computer supported cooperative work, ubiquitous
computing, and heterogeneous user interface. AR is
a method for visual improvement or enrichment of
the surrounding environment by overlaying
spatially aligned computer-generated information
onto a human's view (eyes).
This is how AR works.
Pick A Real World Scene
Real world. User's view through
the see-through head-worn display of the real
world, showing two struts and a node without
any overlaid graphics.
Add your Virtual Objects in it
User's view of the virtual world
intended to overlay the view of the real
world.
Delete Real World Objects
Not Virtual Reality since Environment
Real
these objects. The properties such as complexity,
5.Augmented Reality Application
Domains
Only recently have the capabilities of
real-time video image processing, computer
graphic systems and new display technologies
converged to make possible the display of a virtual
graphical image correctly registered with registered
with a view of the 3D environment surrounding the
user. Researchers working with augmented reality
systems have proposed them as solutions in many
domains. The areas that have been discussed range
from entertainment to military training. Many of
the domains, such as medical are also proposed for
traditional virtual reality system
