07-03-2011, 04:00 PM
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ABSTRACT
Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever. The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general, this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual users.
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) are used to deliver high-rate digital data over existing ordinary phone-lines. A new modulation technology called Discrete Multitone (DMT) allows the transmission of high speed data. DSL facilitates the simultaneous use of normal telephone services, ISDN, and high speed data transmission, e.g., video. DMT-based DSL can be seen as the transition from existing copper-lines to the future fiber-cables. This makes DSL economically interesting for the local telephone companies. They can offer customers high speed data services even before switching to fiber-optics.
INTRODUCTION
Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever. The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general, this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual users.
In current technology, the ASCII uses a combination of ones and zeros to display a single letter of the alphabet (Cellonics, 2001). Then the data is sent over radio frequency cycle to its destination where it is then decoded. The original technology also utilizes carrier signals as a reference which uses hundreds of wave cycles before a decoder can decide on the bit value (Legard, 2001), whether the bit is a one or a zero, in order to translate that into a single character.
The Cellonics technology came about after studying biological cell behaviour. The study showed that human cells respond to stimuli and generate waveforms that consist of a continuous line of pulses separated by periods of silence. The Cellonics technology found a way to mimic these pulse signals and apply them to the communications industry (Legard, 2001). The Cellonics element accepts slow analog waveforms as input and in return produces predictable, fast pulse output, thus encoding digital information and sending it over communication channels. Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (NDS) are the mathematical formulations required to simulate the cell responses and were used in building Cellonics. Because the technique is nonlinear, performance can exceed the norm, but at the same time, implementation is straightforward (Legard, 2001).
This technology will be most beneficial to businesses that do most of their work by remote and with the use of portable devices. The Cellonics technology will provide these devices with faster, better data for longer periods of time (Advantages, 2001). Cellonics also utilizes a few discrete components, most of which are bypassed or consume very little power. This reduces the number of off the shelf components in portable devices while dramatically decreasing the power used, leading to a lower cost for the entire device. The non-portable devices of companies will benefit from the lack of components the machines have and the company will not have to worry so much about parts breaking.
PRINCIPLE OF CELLONICS TECHNOLOGY
The Cellonics™ technology is a revolutionary and unconventional approach based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS) and modelled after biological cellbehaviour1. In essence, the term Cellonics is an euphemism for ‘electronic cells’. When used in the field of communications, the technology has the ability to encode, transmit and decode digital information powerfully over a variety of physical channels, be they cables or wirelessly through the air. There have been much research over the past decades to study inter-cell communications. Laboratory studies have recorded electrical waveforms that show burst of spikes separated by periods of silence
For examples, Fig above shows the behaviour of the ß-cell and the Leech Nociceptor respectively. From these figures, we may observe that the slow waveforms2 trigger the fast pulse trains3 allowing the cells to convey information (as postulated by some researchers).Note that while the fast pulse trains are always the same, the slow time-varying stimulus analog waveforms can take many arbitrary shapes. The number of the pulse trains varies according to the parameters of the slow analog waveforms. Thus, if a circuit can be found that accept an analog input waveform and output a set of pulse trains with predictable number of pulses in each burst, we have a very powerful means of encoding digital information and communicating it over a variety of physical channels. Cellonics Inc. has invented and patented a number of circuits that mimic the above biological cell behaviour. The Cellonics™ circuits are incredibly simple with advantages of low-cost, low power consumption and smallness of size. They can and have been used in various applications such as communications and electronic circuits (gated oscillator, sigma delta modulator, delta modulator, clock multipliers, etc). When applied in communications, the Cellonics™ technology is a fundamental modulation and demodulation technique. The Cellonics™ receivers are used as devices that generate pulses from the received analog signal and perform demodulation based on pulse counting and related algorithms.
1) The study of biological cell behaviour is ONLY an inspiration to the invention of Cellonics™ circuits. The Cellonics™ technology is NOT related to any neural network communications or neurophomic electronics.
2) Slow waveforms: Analogue waveforms that vary slowly with time. These waveforms can be in any arbitrary shape.
3) Fast waveforms/fast pulse trains: Waveform in the shape of pulses that varies rapidly with time.
CELLONICS CIRCUITS
Cellonics Inc. has developed and patented families of Cellonics circuits that are useful for various applications. One of these Cellonics™ circuits is an extremely simple circuit that exhibits the “S curve” transfer characteristic. Fig 3a shows one of the possible circuit realizations. The circuit contains a negative impedance converter. It’s I-V transfer characteristic is shown in Fig 3b.The transfer characteristic consists of three different regions. The two lines at the top and bottom have positive slope, 1/RF and they represent the regions in which the Op-Amp is operating in the saturated (nonlinear) mode. In Fig 3b, the middle segment has a negative slope (negative resistance) and represents the region in which the Op-Amp is operating linearly. It is this negative resistance region that allows the Op-Amp to oscillate and produce pulses bounded by the positive and negative saturation voltages.
ABSTRACT
Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever. The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general, this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual users.
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) are used to deliver high-rate digital data over existing ordinary phone-lines. A new modulation technology called Discrete Multitone (DMT) allows the transmission of high speed data. DSL facilitates the simultaneous use of normal telephone services, ISDN, and high speed data transmission, e.g., video. DMT-based DSL can be seen as the transition from existing copper-lines to the future fiber-cables. This makes DSL economically interesting for the local telephone companies. They can offer customers high speed data services even before switching to fiber-optics.
INTRODUCTION
Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever. The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general, this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual users.
In current technology, the ASCII uses a combination of ones and zeros to display a single letter of the alphabet (Cellonics, 2001). Then the data is sent over radio frequency cycle to its destination where it is then decoded. The original technology also utilizes carrier signals as a reference which uses hundreds of wave cycles before a decoder can decide on the bit value (Legard, 2001), whether the bit is a one or a zero, in order to translate that into a single character.
The Cellonics technology came about after studying biological cell behaviour. The study showed that human cells respond to stimuli and generate waveforms that consist of a continuous line of pulses separated by periods of silence. The Cellonics technology found a way to mimic these pulse signals and apply them to the communications industry (Legard, 2001). The Cellonics element accepts slow analog waveforms as input and in return produces predictable, fast pulse output, thus encoding digital information and sending it over communication channels. Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (NDS) are the mathematical formulations required to simulate the cell responses and were used in building Cellonics. Because the technique is nonlinear, performance can exceed the norm, but at the same time, implementation is straightforward (Legard, 2001).
This technology will be most beneficial to businesses that do most of their work by remote and with the use of portable devices. The Cellonics technology will provide these devices with faster, better data for longer periods of time (Advantages, 2001). Cellonics also utilizes a few discrete components, most of which are bypassed or consume very little power. This reduces the number of off the shelf components in portable devices while dramatically decreasing the power used, leading to a lower cost for the entire device. The non-portable devices of companies will benefit from the lack of components the machines have and the company will not have to worry so much about parts breaking.
PRINCIPLE OF CELLONICS TECHNOLOGY
The Cellonics™ technology is a revolutionary and unconventional approach based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS) and modelled after biological cellbehaviour1. In essence, the term Cellonics is an euphemism for ‘electronic cells’. When used in the field of communications, the technology has the ability to encode, transmit and decode digital information powerfully over a variety of physical channels, be they cables or wirelessly through the air. There have been much research over the past decades to study inter-cell communications. Laboratory studies have recorded electrical waveforms that show burst of spikes separated by periods of silence
For examples, Fig above shows the behaviour of the ß-cell and the Leech Nociceptor respectively. From these figures, we may observe that the slow waveforms2 trigger the fast pulse trains3 allowing the cells to convey information (as postulated by some researchers).Note that while the fast pulse trains are always the same, the slow time-varying stimulus analog waveforms can take many arbitrary shapes. The number of the pulse trains varies according to the parameters of the slow analog waveforms. Thus, if a circuit can be found that accept an analog input waveform and output a set of pulse trains with predictable number of pulses in each burst, we have a very powerful means of encoding digital information and communicating it over a variety of physical channels. Cellonics Inc. has invented and patented a number of circuits that mimic the above biological cell behaviour. The Cellonics™ circuits are incredibly simple with advantages of low-cost, low power consumption and smallness of size. They can and have been used in various applications such as communications and electronic circuits (gated oscillator, sigma delta modulator, delta modulator, clock multipliers, etc). When applied in communications, the Cellonics™ technology is a fundamental modulation and demodulation technique. The Cellonics™ receivers are used as devices that generate pulses from the received analog signal and perform demodulation based on pulse counting and related algorithms.
1) The study of biological cell behaviour is ONLY an inspiration to the invention of Cellonics™ circuits. The Cellonics™ technology is NOT related to any neural network communications or neurophomic electronics.
2) Slow waveforms: Analogue waveforms that vary slowly with time. These waveforms can be in any arbitrary shape.
3) Fast waveforms/fast pulse trains: Waveform in the shape of pulses that varies rapidly with time.
CELLONICS CIRCUITS
Cellonics Inc. has developed and patented families of Cellonics circuits that are useful for various applications. One of these Cellonics™ circuits is an extremely simple circuit that exhibits the “S curve” transfer characteristic. Fig 3a shows one of the possible circuit realizations. The circuit contains a negative impedance converter. It’s I-V transfer characteristic is shown in Fig 3b.The transfer characteristic consists of three different regions. The two lines at the top and bottom have positive slope, 1/RF and they represent the regions in which the Op-Amp is operating in the saturated (nonlinear) mode. In Fig 3b, the middle segment has a negative slope (negative resistance) and represents the region in which the Op-Amp is operating linearly. It is this negative resistance region that allows the Op-Amp to oscillate and produce pulses bounded by the positive and negative saturation voltages.
