automated parking system

[seminar class]

presented by:
E.Bhanu pratap
p. divya)
Sriramudu
R.Vijay babu

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Introduction
• Parking is one of the problem facing by the people in huge buildings, multiplexers etc.
• It is difficult for a person to find parking space where there may be more number of parking rooms in in more number of floors in a building.
• Also it is costly to maintain human guidance in such huge complexes.
•
• So project has been developed to find solution for parking space monitoring.
• Main aim of the project is to provide the information on the availability of parking in multiplexes with out any operator in parking area by displaying availability of the parking before entering in to parking area.
• A display is provided at the entrance of the parking area which displays the number of slots available for parking.
•
• When the all of the parking slots are occupied the displays Zero parking slots available so that one can drive to another parking level or parking area with out wasting time in searching for parking slot in that
area.
• This system requires no operator
as one can find the availability of
parking slot automatically by
knowing the number of free
parking slots in that area.
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
• In this block diagram output of power supply i.e, +5v of regulated DC voltage is applied to the micro controller, ATMEGA8. Sensors sense the presence of any vehicle in its vicinity and sends data signals to micro controller.
• A Program is written in micro controller such that the number of sensors which have not sensed any vehicle in its vicinity are determined and displayed on display block. Each slot has a sensor fixed to sense vehicle that has been parked in its vicinity.
• SESORS SENSING THE PARKED VEHICLES
• Thus the number of slots that are vacant can be displayed at entrance of parking area so that one can know the parking availability and can park their vehicle with convenience.
• POWER SUPPLY
Block diagram
• Step down transformer
j
 A transformer is commonly used to step the input AC voltage level down or up. Most electronic circuits operate from voltages lower than the AC line voltage so the transformer normally steps the voltage down by its turns ratio to a desired lower level.
 Almost no power is wasted in a transformer. They have a high efficiency (power out / power in) of 95% or more.
• Bridge Rectifier
• Another widely used rectifier is the bridge rectifier. It uses four diodes.
• This is called a full wave rectifier as it produces an output pulse for each half cycle of the input sine wave.
• On the positive half cycle of the input sine wave, diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased so act as closed switches appearing in series with the load.
• On the negative half cycle, diode D1 and D2 are reverse biased and diodes D3 and D4 are forward biased so current flows through the load in the same direction.
• Filter circuit
• A large capacitor is connected across the load resistor. This capacitor filters the pulses into a more constant DC.
• When the diode conducts, the capacitor charges up to the peak of the sine wave.
• Then when the sine voltage drops, the charge on the capacitor remains. Since the capacitor is large it forms a long time constant with the load resistor. The capacitor slowly discharges into the load maintaining a more constant output.
• The next positive pulse comes along recharging the capacitor and the process continues.
• Voltage Regulator
 The voltage regulator regulates the input applied to it.

 A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
 In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required.

 In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are used.
• Power supply circuit diagram
• ATMEGA 8 MICRO CONTROLLER
• Features of ATMEGA8
• High-performance, Low-power 8-bit Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture
• 130 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
• 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
• 8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
• 512 Bytes EEPROM
• 1K Byte Internal SRAM
• Programming Lock for Software Security
• Pins used in project:-
• Pin: 7 --- VCC
• Pin:8 --- GND
• Pin:1(pc6) --- RESET
• Pin:2 to 4(PD0-PD2) --- Inputs(sensors)
• PIN:9,14to 19(PB0-PB6) --- Outputs(display)
• IR SENSORS
• To detect the vehicles parked in parking place Ultrasonic detector, sensors etc can be used.
• Infrared sensors are used in project to sense the vehicle in its vicinity.
• These sensors have two blocks.
1. transmitter
2. receiver(TSOP 1738)
• Transmitter of sensor transmits IR signal , at adistance when ever anyobject(vehicle) is placed, the IR signals hits the object and reflects back .
• The receiver section(TSOP 1738) receives IR signal ,Thus sensor sense the object.
• Transmitter:-
• A 555 timer is used to generate pulses of 38HZfreqency.
• At this frequency the
IR sensor will generates IR signals of 38hz frequency
• Receiver:-
• TSOP 1738 is 3 pin device used to receive the IR signals of 38hz frequency.
• The pin:1 is connected to GND
• Pin:2 ---input
( i.e, vcc (5v) in the project)
• Pin: 3 --- output
(i.e, connected to micro controller in project)