04-03-2011, 12:42 PM
Submitted by
Manjunath Mulimani
[attachment=9522]
ABSTRACT
A Java Ring is a finger ring that contains a small microprocessor with built-in capabilities for the user, a sort of smart card that is wearable on a finger. Sun Microsystems’s Java Ring was introduced at their Java One Conference in 1998 and, instead of a gemstone, contained an inexpensive microprocessor in a stainlesssteel iButton running a Java virtual machine and preloaded with applets (little application programs). The rings were built by Dallas Semiconductor. Workstations at the conference had "ring readers" installed on them that downloaded information about the user from the conference registration system.This information was then used to enable a number of personalized
services.
For example, a robotic machine made coffee according to user preferences, which it downloaded when they snapped the ring into another "ring reader."The Java Ring is an extremely secure Java-powered electronic token with a continuously running, unalterable real-time clock and rugged packaging, suitable for many applications. The jewel of the Java Ring is the Java iButton -- a onemillion transistor, single chip trusted microcomputer with a powerful Java Virtual Machine (JVM) housed in a rugged and sec
1. INTRODUCTION
The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter that houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system.
At Celebration School, the rings have been programmed to store electronic cash to pay for lunches, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a student's medical information and allow students to check out books. All of this information is stored on the ring's iButton. Students simply press the signet of their Java Ring against the Blue Dot receptor, and the system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet instructs it to. In the future, the Java Ring may start your car.Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, we will see an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Digital jewelry, designed to supplement the personal computer,will be the evolution in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.
The Java Ring, first introduced at Java One Conference, has been tested at Celebration School, an innovative K-12 school just outside Orlando; FL.The rings given to students are programmed with Java applets that communicate with host applications on networked systems. Applets are small applications that are designed to be run within another application. The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor,to allow communication between a host system and the Java Ring.
2. HISTORY
In the summer of 1989, Dallas Semiconductor Corp. produced the first stainless-steelencapsulated memory devices utilizing the Dallas Semiconductor 1-Wire communication protocol. By 1990, this protocol had been refined and employed in a variety of self-contained memory devices. Originally called "touch memory" devices,they were later renamed "iButtons." Packaged like batteries, iButtons have only a single active electrical contact on the top surface, with the stainless steel shell serving as ground.Data can be read from or written to the memory serially through a simple and inexpensive RS232C serial port adapter, which also supplies the power required to perform the I/O. The iButton memory can be read or written with a momentary contact to the "Blue Dot" receptor provided by the adapter. When not connected to the serial port adapter, memory data is maintained in non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) by a lifetime lithium energy supply that will maintain the memory content for at least 10 years. Unlike electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), the NVRAM iButton memory can be erased and rewritten as often as necessary without wearing out. It can also be erased or rewritten at the high speeds typical of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory, without requiring the time-consuming programming of EEPROM.
Since their introduction, iButton memory devices have been deployed in vast quantities as rugged portable data carriers, often in harsh environmental conditions. Among the large-scale uses are as transit fare carriers in Istanbul, Turkey; as maintenance record carriers on the sides of Ryder trucks; and as mailbox identifiers inside the mail compartments of the U.S. Postal Service's outdoor mailboxes. They are worn as earrings by cows in Canada to hold vaccination records, and they are used by agricultural workers in many areas as rugged substitutes for timecards.The iButton product line and its many applications are described at Dallas Semiconductor's iButton Web site, which is listed in the Resources section. Every iButton product is manufactured with a unique 8-byte serial number and carries a guarantee that no two parts will ever have the same number. Among the simplest
iButtons are memory devices that can hold files and subdirectories and can be read and written like small floppy disks. In addition to these, there are iButtons with passwordprotected file areas for security applications, iButtons that count the number of times they have been rewritten for securing financial transactions, iButtons with temperature
sensors, iButtons with continuously running date/time clocks, and even iButtons containing powerful microprocessors. The java ring was first introduced in the year 1998, in the java one conference .the ring was built by the Dalas semiconductor corporation.
2.1 The postal security device
For over 10 years, Dallas Semiconductor also has been designing, making, and selling a line of highly secure microprocessors that are used in satellite TV descramblers,automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, and other similar applications requiring cryptographic security and high resistance to attack by hackers. The U.S. Postal Service's (USPS) Information Based Indicia Program Postal Security Device Specification, intended to permit printing of valid U.S. postage on any PC, provided the first opportunity to combine two areas of expertise when a secure microprocessor was designed into an iButton the resulting product, named the Crypto iButton, combines high processor performance, high-speed cryptographic primitives, and exceptional protection against physical and cryptographic attack. For example, the large integer modular exponentiation engine can perform 1024-bit modular exponentiations with a 1024-bit exponent in significantly less than a second. The ability to perform large integer modular exponentiations at high speedis central to RSA encryption, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Digital Signature Standard (FIPS 186), and many other moderncryptographic operations.
An agreement between Dallas Semiconductor and RSA Data Security Inc. provides a paid-up license for anyone using the Crypto iButton to perform RSA encryption and digital signatures so that no further licensing of the RSA encryption technology is required. High security is afforded by the ability to erase the contents of NVRAM extremely quickly. This feature, rapid zeroization, is a requirement for high security devices that may be subjected to attacks by hackers. As a result of its high security, the Crypto iButton is expected to win the FIPS 140-1 security certification by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).A special operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto iButton to support cryptography and general-purpose financial transactions -- such as those
required by the Postal Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the ECommerce
firmware designed for this application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-oriented design and a bytecode interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor's custom-designed E-Commerce Script Language. A compiler was also written to compile the high-level language representation of the Script Language to a bytecode form that could be interpreted by the E-Commerce VM. Although the E-Commerce firmware was intended primarily for the USPS application,the firmware supports a variety of general electronic commerce models that are suitable for many different applications. The E-Commerce firmware also supports cryptographic protocols for secure information exchange such as the Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocol (SKIP) developed by Sun Microsystems Inc. The E-Commerce iButton and the SDK for programming it are described in detail on the Crypto iButton home page.
Manjunath Mulimani
[attachment=9522]
ABSTRACT
A Java Ring is a finger ring that contains a small microprocessor with built-in capabilities for the user, a sort of smart card that is wearable on a finger. Sun Microsystems’s Java Ring was introduced at their Java One Conference in 1998 and, instead of a gemstone, contained an inexpensive microprocessor in a stainlesssteel iButton running a Java virtual machine and preloaded with applets (little application programs). The rings were built by Dallas Semiconductor. Workstations at the conference had "ring readers" installed on them that downloaded information about the user from the conference registration system.This information was then used to enable a number of personalized
services.
For example, a robotic machine made coffee according to user preferences, which it downloaded when they snapped the ring into another "ring reader."The Java Ring is an extremely secure Java-powered electronic token with a continuously running, unalterable real-time clock and rugged packaging, suitable for many applications. The jewel of the Java Ring is the Java iButton -- a onemillion transistor, single chip trusted microcomputer with a powerful Java Virtual Machine (JVM) housed in a rugged and sec
1. INTRODUCTION
The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter that houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system.
At Celebration School, the rings have been programmed to store electronic cash to pay for lunches, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a student's medical information and allow students to check out books. All of this information is stored on the ring's iButton. Students simply press the signet of their Java Ring against the Blue Dot receptor, and the system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet instructs it to. In the future, the Java Ring may start your car.Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, we will see an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Digital jewelry, designed to supplement the personal computer,will be the evolution in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.
The Java Ring, first introduced at Java One Conference, has been tested at Celebration School, an innovative K-12 school just outside Orlando; FL.The rings given to students are programmed with Java applets that communicate with host applications on networked systems. Applets are small applications that are designed to be run within another application. The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor,to allow communication between a host system and the Java Ring.
2. HISTORY
In the summer of 1989, Dallas Semiconductor Corp. produced the first stainless-steelencapsulated memory devices utilizing the Dallas Semiconductor 1-Wire communication protocol. By 1990, this protocol had been refined and employed in a variety of self-contained memory devices. Originally called "touch memory" devices,they were later renamed "iButtons." Packaged like batteries, iButtons have only a single active electrical contact on the top surface, with the stainless steel shell serving as ground.Data can be read from or written to the memory serially through a simple and inexpensive RS232C serial port adapter, which also supplies the power required to perform the I/O. The iButton memory can be read or written with a momentary contact to the "Blue Dot" receptor provided by the adapter. When not connected to the serial port adapter, memory data is maintained in non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) by a lifetime lithium energy supply that will maintain the memory content for at least 10 years. Unlike electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), the NVRAM iButton memory can be erased and rewritten as often as necessary without wearing out. It can also be erased or rewritten at the high speeds typical of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory, without requiring the time-consuming programming of EEPROM.
Since their introduction, iButton memory devices have been deployed in vast quantities as rugged portable data carriers, often in harsh environmental conditions. Among the large-scale uses are as transit fare carriers in Istanbul, Turkey; as maintenance record carriers on the sides of Ryder trucks; and as mailbox identifiers inside the mail compartments of the U.S. Postal Service's outdoor mailboxes. They are worn as earrings by cows in Canada to hold vaccination records, and they are used by agricultural workers in many areas as rugged substitutes for timecards.The iButton product line and its many applications are described at Dallas Semiconductor's iButton Web site, which is listed in the Resources section. Every iButton product is manufactured with a unique 8-byte serial number and carries a guarantee that no two parts will ever have the same number. Among the simplest
iButtons are memory devices that can hold files and subdirectories and can be read and written like small floppy disks. In addition to these, there are iButtons with passwordprotected file areas for security applications, iButtons that count the number of times they have been rewritten for securing financial transactions, iButtons with temperature
sensors, iButtons with continuously running date/time clocks, and even iButtons containing powerful microprocessors. The java ring was first introduced in the year 1998, in the java one conference .the ring was built by the Dalas semiconductor corporation.
2.1 The postal security device
For over 10 years, Dallas Semiconductor also has been designing, making, and selling a line of highly secure microprocessors that are used in satellite TV descramblers,automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, and other similar applications requiring cryptographic security and high resistance to attack by hackers. The U.S. Postal Service's (USPS) Information Based Indicia Program Postal Security Device Specification, intended to permit printing of valid U.S. postage on any PC, provided the first opportunity to combine two areas of expertise when a secure microprocessor was designed into an iButton the resulting product, named the Crypto iButton, combines high processor performance, high-speed cryptographic primitives, and exceptional protection against physical and cryptographic attack. For example, the large integer modular exponentiation engine can perform 1024-bit modular exponentiations with a 1024-bit exponent in significantly less than a second. The ability to perform large integer modular exponentiations at high speedis central to RSA encryption, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Digital Signature Standard (FIPS 186), and many other moderncryptographic operations.
An agreement between Dallas Semiconductor and RSA Data Security Inc. provides a paid-up license for anyone using the Crypto iButton to perform RSA encryption and digital signatures so that no further licensing of the RSA encryption technology is required. High security is afforded by the ability to erase the contents of NVRAM extremely quickly. This feature, rapid zeroization, is a requirement for high security devices that may be subjected to attacks by hackers. As a result of its high security, the Crypto iButton is expected to win the FIPS 140-1 security certification by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).A special operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto iButton to support cryptography and general-purpose financial transactions -- such as those
required by the Postal Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the ECommerce
firmware designed for this application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-oriented design and a bytecode interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor's custom-designed E-Commerce Script Language. A compiler was also written to compile the high-level language representation of the Script Language to a bytecode form that could be interpreted by the E-Commerce VM. Although the E-Commerce firmware was intended primarily for the USPS application,the firmware supports a variety of general electronic commerce models that are suitable for many different applications. The E-Commerce firmware also supports cryptographic protocols for secure information exchange such as the Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocol (SKIP) developed by Sun Microsystems Inc. The E-Commerce iButton and the SDK for programming it are described in detail on the Crypto iButton home page.
