23-02-2011, 02:40 PM
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ABSTRACT
An adage is well known to all, “change is the only permanent thing in the nature”. The sheer beauty and economy of nature enables complicated polymers first to be fabricated then, living processes. The harnessing of these secretes has now led to the availability of new polymers which can impart living characteristics into an inanimate.
The break through, path braking and revolutionary developments (the leapfrogging technologies) make sense where technological advances driven by the market demands. One of the leapfrogging technologies today is “nano technology”, which is believed to reinvigorate discoveries and innovation in almost every host areas. It provides the unprecedented way of manufacturing materials, which may not be seen earlier in nature.
The latest technical buzzword in textiles too is nano technology (fibres, finishes, & so on).World’s toughest fibre carbon nano fibre is currently being paid more attention due to their unique physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, obtained by an “eSpin” technology i.e. electrostatic spinning technology.
This paper summarizes the recent development of nanotechnology in textile areas including textile formation and textile finishing. Details on two major technical aspects, using nanosize entities and employing specific techniques to create nanosize structure inside textile materials, have been elucidated. A number of nanosize fillers and their resultant performances have been reviewed. Particularly, nanolayer assembly, a new concept of textile surface coating, has been introduced. At the end, perspectives regarding future development of nanotechnologv for smart and intelligent textiles have been addressed.
Introduction:
Nanotechnology is an emerging interdisciplinary technology that has been booming in many areas during the recent decade, including materials science, mechanics, electronics, optics, medicine, plastics, energy, electronics, and aerospace. Its profound societal impact has been considered as the huge momentum to usher in a second industrial revolution.
The "nano" in nanotechnolgy comes from the Greek word "nanos" that means dwarf. Scientists use this prefix to indicate 10'*' or one-billionth. One nanometer is one-billionth meter that is about 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a single human hair. Nanotechnology endeavors are aimed at manipulating atoms, molecules and nanosize particles in a precise and controlled manner in order to build materials with a fundamentally new organization and novel properties. The embryo of nanotechnology is "atomic assembly", which was first publicly articulated in 1959 by physicist Richard Feynman. Nanotechnology is called a "bottom up" technology by which bulk materials can be built precisely in tiny building blocks, different from the traditional manufacture — "top down" technology. Therefore, resultant materials have fewer defects and higher quality.
The fundamentals of nanotechnology lie in the fact that properties of substances dramatically change when their size is reduced to the nanometer range. When a bulk material is divided into small size particles with one or more dimension
length, width, or thickness) in the nanometer range or even smaller, the individual particles exhibit unexpected properties, different from those of the bulk material. It is known that atoms and molecules possess totally different behaviors than those of bulk materials; while the properties of the former are described by quantum mechanics, the properties of the latter are governed by classic mechanics. Between these two distinct domains, the nanometer range is a murky threshold for the transition of a material's behavior. For example, ceramics, which normally are brittle, can easily be made deformable when their grain size is reduced to the low nanometer range. A gold particle of 1 nm across shows red color. Moreover, a small amount of nanosize species can interfere with matrix polymer that is usually in the similar size range, bringing up the performance of resultant system to an unprecedented level. These are the reasons why nanotechnology has attracted large amounts of federal funding, research activity and media attention.
The textile industry has already impacted by nanotechnology. Research involving nanotechnology to improve performances or to create unprecedented functions of textile materials are flourishing. These research endeavors are mainly focused on using nanosize substances and generating nanostructures during manufacturing and finishing processes.
Application of Nanofibres in textile
Textiles are becoming multifunctional thanks to nanofibres so that textiles are now having applications apart from apparel use these are used in the high performance technical textiles, biomedical textiles and how we can forget about ecofriendly textiles. For instance in textile clothing such as in fire protective composites, in the high visibility garments, biodegradable nanofibres, defence clothing, etc.
“Scientists are figuring out how to organize polymer chain molecules—the basic stuff of textile fiber—for higher strength, higher melting points, and chemical and antibacterial impermeability”, for application as firefighter suit
ABSTRACT
An adage is well known to all, “change is the only permanent thing in the nature”. The sheer beauty and economy of nature enables complicated polymers first to be fabricated then, living processes. The harnessing of these secretes has now led to the availability of new polymers which can impart living characteristics into an inanimate.
The break through, path braking and revolutionary developments (the leapfrogging technologies) make sense where technological advances driven by the market demands. One of the leapfrogging technologies today is “nano technology”, which is believed to reinvigorate discoveries and innovation in almost every host areas. It provides the unprecedented way of manufacturing materials, which may not be seen earlier in nature.
The latest technical buzzword in textiles too is nano technology (fibres, finishes, & so on).World’s toughest fibre carbon nano fibre is currently being paid more attention due to their unique physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, obtained by an “eSpin” technology i.e. electrostatic spinning technology.
This paper summarizes the recent development of nanotechnology in textile areas including textile formation and textile finishing. Details on two major technical aspects, using nanosize entities and employing specific techniques to create nanosize structure inside textile materials, have been elucidated. A number of nanosize fillers and their resultant performances have been reviewed. Particularly, nanolayer assembly, a new concept of textile surface coating, has been introduced. At the end, perspectives regarding future development of nanotechnologv for smart and intelligent textiles have been addressed.
Introduction:
Nanotechnology is an emerging interdisciplinary technology that has been booming in many areas during the recent decade, including materials science, mechanics, electronics, optics, medicine, plastics, energy, electronics, and aerospace. Its profound societal impact has been considered as the huge momentum to usher in a second industrial revolution.
The "nano" in nanotechnolgy comes from the Greek word "nanos" that means dwarf. Scientists use this prefix to indicate 10'*' or one-billionth. One nanometer is one-billionth meter that is about 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a single human hair. Nanotechnology endeavors are aimed at manipulating atoms, molecules and nanosize particles in a precise and controlled manner in order to build materials with a fundamentally new organization and novel properties. The embryo of nanotechnology is "atomic assembly", which was first publicly articulated in 1959 by physicist Richard Feynman. Nanotechnology is called a "bottom up" technology by which bulk materials can be built precisely in tiny building blocks, different from the traditional manufacture — "top down" technology. Therefore, resultant materials have fewer defects and higher quality.
The fundamentals of nanotechnology lie in the fact that properties of substances dramatically change when their size is reduced to the nanometer range. When a bulk material is divided into small size particles with one or more dimension
length, width, or thickness) in the nanometer range or even smaller, the individual particles exhibit unexpected properties, different from those of the bulk material. It is known that atoms and molecules possess totally different behaviors than those of bulk materials; while the properties of the former are described by quantum mechanics, the properties of the latter are governed by classic mechanics. Between these two distinct domains, the nanometer range is a murky threshold for the transition of a material's behavior. For example, ceramics, which normally are brittle, can easily be made deformable when their grain size is reduced to the low nanometer range. A gold particle of 1 nm across shows red color. Moreover, a small amount of nanosize species can interfere with matrix polymer that is usually in the similar size range, bringing up the performance of resultant system to an unprecedented level. These are the reasons why nanotechnology has attracted large amounts of federal funding, research activity and media attention.
The textile industry has already impacted by nanotechnology. Research involving nanotechnology to improve performances or to create unprecedented functions of textile materials are flourishing. These research endeavors are mainly focused on using nanosize substances and generating nanostructures during manufacturing and finishing processes.
Application of Nanofibres in textile
Textiles are becoming multifunctional thanks to nanofibres so that textiles are now having applications apart from apparel use these are used in the high performance technical textiles, biomedical textiles and how we can forget about ecofriendly textiles. For instance in textile clothing such as in fire protective composites, in the high visibility garments, biodegradable nanofibres, defence clothing, etc.
“Scientists are figuring out how to organize polymer chain molecules—the basic stuff of textile fiber—for higher strength, higher melting points, and chemical and antibacterial impermeability”, for application as firefighter suit
