embedded systems ppt

[seminar class]

presented by:
Hala Siraj Y

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EMBEDED SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM?
 An Embedded System is a microprocessor based system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a larger system. (which may or may not be a computer system).
 It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts.
 An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints.
 The embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks.
CATEGORIES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Hard Real Time Systems
• Soft Real Time Systems
 NETWORKED APPLIANCES
 MOBILE DEVICES
HARDWARE FUNDAMENTALS
• Embedded Systems does not have
Key-board,Mouse, HDD,CD/DVD Drive,Monitor
• Embedded systems have
 A Few LEDs,LCD Display Screen,Push buttons
 Two separate memory for Data & Programme.
 Microprocessor / DSP
 Sensors
 Converters (A-D and D-A)
 Actuators
 Memory
Design Issues(Hardware-Software Co-design)
 System Specification
 Functions, Real Time Constraints, Cost and Power Constraints
 Hardware Software Partitioning
 Allocating the tasks into hardware, software running on custom hw or general purpose hardware
 Hardware Synthesis
 Software Synthesis and Code Generation
 Scheduling – allocation of time steps for several modules sharing the same resource
 Implementation
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 Machine level Languages
 Not much Used
 Time Consuming
 Assembly level Languages
 Suitable for small scale applications
 High level languages
 ‘C’,’C++’,JAVA
 ‘C’ IS PREFERABLE.
 The C programming language is perhaps the most popular programming language for programming embedded systems.
Coding standards IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 Common aims
 Reliability
 Portability
 Maintainability
 Testability
 Reusability
 Extensibility
 Readability
Connection With The Externel device
 Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc.
 Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced Synchronous Serial Interface)
 Universal Serial Bus (USB)
 Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc.)
 Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, Lon Works, etc.
 Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units
 Discrete IO: aka General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
 Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)
Applications of Embedded Systems
 Automotive electronics
 Aircraft electronics
 Trains
 Telecommunication
 Medical systems
 Military Appliences
MORE USES
 Assembly line quality monitors
 Bar code readers
 Bread machines
 Cameras
 Car assembly robots
 Cell phones
 Centrifuge controllers
 CD players
 Disk drive controllers
 “Smart card” processors
 Fuel injector controls
 Medical equipment monitors
 PDAs
 Printer controllers
 Sound systems
 Rice cookers
 Telephone switches
 Water pump controllers
 Welding machines
 Windmills
• Wrist watches