21-02-2011, 12:31 PM
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POWER GRID CONTROL THROUGH PC ABSTRACT
TITLE: Power grid control through pc.
AIM: The aim of the project is to control the power grid using pc
DESCRIPTION:
A system of synchronized power providers and consumers connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control centers. Failure occurs when excessive power is drawn by one or more areas. As a local grid may not support usage, other grids supply additional power to that area. If the automated system fails to recognize the additional usage, the overloaded grid may fail entirely, creating additional failures. This is how the last failure occurred within several power grids.
To avoid system failures, the amount of power flowing over each transmission line must remain below the line’s capacity. Exceeding capacity generates too much heat in a line, which can cause the line to sag or break or can create power-supply instability such as phase and voltage fluctuations. Capacity limits vary, depending on the length of the line and the transmission voltage. Longer lines have less capacity than shorter ones.
In addition, for an ac power grid to remain stable, the frequency and phase of all power generation units must remain synchronous within narrow limits. A generator that drops 2 Hz below 60 Hz will rapidly build up enough heat in its bearings to destroy itself. So circuit breakers trip a generator out of the system when the frequency varies too much. But much smaller frequency changes can indicate instability in the grid. In the Eastern Interconnect, a 30-milliHz drop in frequency reduces power delivered by 1 GW.
If certain parts of the grid are carrying electricity at near capacity, a small shift of power flows can trip circuit breakers, which sends larger flows onto neighboring lines to start a chain-reaction failure.
This is a proto type project here we control the power grid with help of PC.when power grid occurs we transfer the load to the another power grid using PC..
SOFTWARE:
1. Keil C.
HARDWARE:
1. Micro Controller.
2. Relays.
3. Power supply
4. Max-232
POWER GRID CONTROL THROUGH PC ABSTRACT
TITLE: Power grid control through pc.
AIM: The aim of the project is to control the power grid using pc
DESCRIPTION:
A system of synchronized power providers and consumers connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control centers. Failure occurs when excessive power is drawn by one or more areas. As a local grid may not support usage, other grids supply additional power to that area. If the automated system fails to recognize the additional usage, the overloaded grid may fail entirely, creating additional failures. This is how the last failure occurred within several power grids.
To avoid system failures, the amount of power flowing over each transmission line must remain below the line’s capacity. Exceeding capacity generates too much heat in a line, which can cause the line to sag or break or can create power-supply instability such as phase and voltage fluctuations. Capacity limits vary, depending on the length of the line and the transmission voltage. Longer lines have less capacity than shorter ones.
In addition, for an ac power grid to remain stable, the frequency and phase of all power generation units must remain synchronous within narrow limits. A generator that drops 2 Hz below 60 Hz will rapidly build up enough heat in its bearings to destroy itself. So circuit breakers trip a generator out of the system when the frequency varies too much. But much smaller frequency changes can indicate instability in the grid. In the Eastern Interconnect, a 30-milliHz drop in frequency reduces power delivered by 1 GW.
If certain parts of the grid are carrying electricity at near capacity, a small shift of power flows can trip circuit breakers, which sends larger flows onto neighboring lines to start a chain-reaction failure.
This is a proto type project here we control the power grid with help of PC.when power grid occurs we transfer the load to the another power grid using PC..
SOFTWARE:
1. Keil C.
HARDWARE:
1. Micro Controller.
2. Relays.
3. Power supply
4. Max-232
