30-12-2010, 04:09 PM
Prepared By- Deeksha Pandey( Electronics Engg.), Rekha Gandhi( Civil Engg.)
[attachment=7783]
Abstract
The world-wide industrial development of recent decades with its effects on the manufacture of goods and on the consumption patterns of the population, particularly in areas of high population density, has led to an appreciable increase in the volume of waste. In this respect, targeted and target-group-related waste disposal (WD), involving careful analysis and taking into account not only the local conditions and options but also the environmental aspects of the relevant plant, can bring about the necessary improvements. As a rule, these relate to measures not only in the fields of waste management and waste technology, but also in the fields of law, administration, business management and organisation.
The necessary improvements should also aim to achieve reasonable representation for women, as one of the target groups, in the institutions and bodies responsible for waste disposal. This is the best way to guarantee that their legitimate interest in participating in the development and implementation of administrative, business and environmental monitoring will be served.
Introduction
Waste is movable objects which the owner wishes to dispose of (subjective definition of waste) or whose controlled disposal is necessary to ensure the well-being of the general public and in particular the protection of the environment (objective definition of waste). Regarding the distinction from hazardous waste, see environmental brief Disposal of Hazardous Waste. comprises the Waste disposal collection, transport, treatment, storage (intermediate storage), dumping and recycling of waste. The avoidance and minimisation of waste does not form part of waste disposal. They are in fact another part of waste management.
Objectives
The controlled disposal of domestic waste and commercial and industrial waste forms a vital part of the infrastructure of human settlements built on the principles of hygiene. It is an essential component of waste management, whose function must be to help
• to protect human health,
• to contribute to the quality of life by improving environmental conditions,
• to maintain the ecological equilibrium of the environment, particularly of the soil and groundwater, and - where it has been disturbed - to restore it,
• to ensure safe disposal of the waste produced by the population as well as by commercial and industrial establishments, depending on the quantity and type of the waste and taking into account the need for avoidance and minimisation, ensuring the long-term sustainability of resources which serve the well-being of the general public and the legitimate needs of individuals.
Stages of waste disposal
The area of waste disposal (WD) comprises the following disposal stages:
• waste collection and transport (separate collection where applicable)
• waste treatment
• intermediate waste storage
• waste dumping (landfill) and
• waste recycling.
The disposal stages or steps apply to both domestic and commercial and industrial waste. It is not always absolutely necessary, or even advisable, to follow all of these stages; rather, combinations of certain of these steps may be technically the best solution.
Waste transport (in collection vehicles) mostly involves the movement of empty, part-full and full vehicles, but also includes processes for emptying vehicles in transfer stations and treatment plants as well as at landfill sites. The object of waste transport (in special vehicles) is to transport waste between transfer stations and the relevant disposal plants. One must always consider whether the distance between the collection area and disposal plant (e.g. landfill site) has become uneconomic and, if so, provide transfer stations. Within this environmental brief, the transfer of waste is also considered as waste transport. ..
[attachment=7783]
Abstract
The world-wide industrial development of recent decades with its effects on the manufacture of goods and on the consumption patterns of the population, particularly in areas of high population density, has led to an appreciable increase in the volume of waste. In this respect, targeted and target-group-related waste disposal (WD), involving careful analysis and taking into account not only the local conditions and options but also the environmental aspects of the relevant plant, can bring about the necessary improvements. As a rule, these relate to measures not only in the fields of waste management and waste technology, but also in the fields of law, administration, business management and organisation.
The necessary improvements should also aim to achieve reasonable representation for women, as one of the target groups, in the institutions and bodies responsible for waste disposal. This is the best way to guarantee that their legitimate interest in participating in the development and implementation of administrative, business and environmental monitoring will be served.
Introduction
Waste is movable objects which the owner wishes to dispose of (subjective definition of waste) or whose controlled disposal is necessary to ensure the well-being of the general public and in particular the protection of the environment (objective definition of waste). Regarding the distinction from hazardous waste, see environmental brief Disposal of Hazardous Waste. comprises the Waste disposal collection, transport, treatment, storage (intermediate storage), dumping and recycling of waste. The avoidance and minimisation of waste does not form part of waste disposal. They are in fact another part of waste management.
Objectives
The controlled disposal of domestic waste and commercial and industrial waste forms a vital part of the infrastructure of human settlements built on the principles of hygiene. It is an essential component of waste management, whose function must be to help
• to protect human health,
• to contribute to the quality of life by improving environmental conditions,
• to maintain the ecological equilibrium of the environment, particularly of the soil and groundwater, and - where it has been disturbed - to restore it,
• to ensure safe disposal of the waste produced by the population as well as by commercial and industrial establishments, depending on the quantity and type of the waste and taking into account the need for avoidance and minimisation, ensuring the long-term sustainability of resources which serve the well-being of the general public and the legitimate needs of individuals.
Stages of waste disposal
The area of waste disposal (WD) comprises the following disposal stages:
• waste collection and transport (separate collection where applicable)
• waste treatment
• intermediate waste storage
• waste dumping (landfill) and
• waste recycling.
The disposal stages or steps apply to both domestic and commercial and industrial waste. It is not always absolutely necessary, or even advisable, to follow all of these stages; rather, combinations of certain of these steps may be technically the best solution.
Waste transport (in collection vehicles) mostly involves the movement of empty, part-full and full vehicles, but also includes processes for emptying vehicles in transfer stations and treatment plants as well as at landfill sites. The object of waste transport (in special vehicles) is to transport waste between transfer stations and the relevant disposal plants. One must always consider whether the distance between the collection area and disposal plant (e.g. landfill site) has become uneconomic and, if so, provide transfer stations. Within this environmental brief, the transfer of waste is also considered as waste transport. ..
