12-10-2010, 04:51 PM
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Mobile Adhoc Network MANET full report wirless network
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKING
Technological innovations of engineers during the 20 th century have brought a deep change in humanbeing lifestyle. Today when we fly over the modern city at night we see the earth full of footprints made by engineers. The glowing lights remind us of the impact made by electrical engineers; the planes we fly in and the moving cars below remind us of the contributions of mechanical engineers; and high-rise buildings and complex roads remind us of what civil engineers have accomplished. From the eyes of an engineers, the glow of light, the movement of cars, and the complexity of civil infrastructure relates to the challenges in implementation, size of the market, and the impact of the technology on human life. There is, however, one industry whose infrastructure is not seen from the plane because it is mostly buried under the ground, but it is the most complex, it owns the largest market size, and it has enabled us to change our lifestyle by entering the information technology age. This industry is the telecommunication networking industry.
Many organization utilize traditional wire based networking technologies to establish connections among computers. These technologies fall into the following three categories :
(1) Local Area Networks (LANs)
(2) Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
(3) Wide Area Networks (WANs)
LANs support the sharing of applications and printers, transfer of files and sending e-mail within a room or building. Today the industry standard for LANs is Ethernet technology. MANs, which can cover the size of a college campus or large city, interconnect LANs by using protocols such as FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) and depend on leased circuits and optical fiber for transmission of the data. WANs on the other hand utilize telephone circuits, leased lines and private circuits to support worldwide networking by using circuit and packet switching protocols.
Traditional networking technologies offer tremendous capabilities from an office, hotel room or home. Activates such as communicating via e-mail with someone located in a faraway town or conveniently accessing product information from the World Wide Web are the result of widespread networking. But limitations to networking through the use of wire based system exist because one cannot utilize these network services unless proper physical connection with a LAN or telephone connection.
Over the last thirty years, researchers and companies have been busy developing protocols and systems that provide wireless connectivity for LANs, MANs and WANs. This work has not been easy and has met much resistance form and to the users. Today, though technologies are available that fit into all categories of networks and satisfy the need for mobility.
