21-09-2010, 01:26 PM
Tracking And Positioning Of Mobile
Phones In TeleCommunication.
Manu.R
S7 CS
No::18
College Of Engineering , Kalloopara
[attachment=4201]
[attachment=4202]
Contents.
Introduction.
Need for geolocation.
Technologies used for geolocation.
Mobile tracking.
Mobile positioning.
Applications.
Includes plurality of transmit and receive stations…
Tracking stations have GPS receiver, radio direction finder, two way communication system, a computer.
Major challenge is in creating acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter is intermittently blocked.
Includes several Base stations T1 to TN, a Base station Controller (BSC).
Service area is divided into several coverage area having respective base stations-Cells.
Need For GeoLocation.
Personalize mobile services.
Allow the n/w operators to facilitates new services to the mobile users
Services:
Emergency service for subscriber safety
Location sensitive billing
Cellular fraud detection
Intelligent transport s/m services
Efficient & effective n/w performance and management
Technologies Used For Geolocation.
Handset Based Mobile Positioning And Tracking.
GPS.
Mobile can be located by a mobile itself or through a mobile telecommunication network.
To locate by itself mobile should be provided with a GPS receiver .
Demerits.
Increases the price and size.
Load is increased.
Power consumption is high.
Global Positioning system.
Cont…
Direction Based Geolocation.
Angle of arrival method.
Calculates the angle of arrival of signal receiving at BS.
Requires two or more base stations for determination.
Measures the direction of signal falling on the base station.
Measures angle of incidence with respect to the normal.
Not accurate.
Disadvantages:
Angle of incidence changes due to obstacles like atmospheric particles or scattering…
Cant be used in b/w BSs.
Cant be used in indoor environments.
Accuracy increased by increasing number of BSs.
Distance Based Positioning.
Time Of Arrival [TOA].
Calculates the distance b/w mobile and BS based on TOA.
Ri = C τi = sqrt ( (xi – X ) 2 + (yi – Y) 2 )
Where,
C – Propagation speed of electromagnetic wave,
τi – propagation of time from the mobile telephone
to ith base station,
xi, yi – location of ith base
station,
X, Y – mobile position.
DBP Cont…
Time Difference Of Arrival [TDOA].
Also known as multilateration or hyperbolic positioning.
Process of locating an object by computing the TDOA of a signal emitted from that object to three or more receivers.
Mobile Tracking
Must emit at least the roaming signal. Do not require an active call.
GSM localisation by Multilateration.
Cell tower listen for signal send from phone
Negotiate the best tower which is able to communicate with the phone.
Technology is based on measuring power levels and antenna patterns.
Advncd system determine the sector in which the mobile phone resides. And also the distanc to the base stn.
GSM.
Standard for Mobile.
82% of the global mobile market uses.
3 billion people, across 212 countries.
Specifications of GSM
Frequency Band: 1850 – 1990MHz.
Duplex distance: 80MHz.
Channel separation: 200KHz.
Modulation: Gaussian minimum shift keying.
Transmission rate: 270 kbps
Access method: TDMA.
Speech coder: LPC.
Cont...
Additional services in GSM.
Call forwarding.
Barring of outgoing calls.
Barring of incoming calls.
Advice of charge.
Call hold.
Call waiting.
Multiparty service.
Mobile Positioning.
Localization and tracking r now stepped over by Positioning. GPS.
Can determine which direction one is travelling.
GPS, only fully functional global navigation satellite system.
Location based service that discloses the actual coordinates of a mobile phone.
Location Based Systems.
Network Based.
Handset Based.
Hybrid.
Network Based.
Utilize the service providers infrastructure to identify the location of the handset.
Can be implemented non-intrusively.
Accuracy varies, least for cell identification and most accurate for triangulation.
Accuracy dependent on conc. of base station cells.
Must work closely with service provider.
Handset Based.
Requires the installation of client software on the handset.
Determines the location by, cell identification, signal strength of the home and neighboring cells.
Requires the active cooperation of the mobile subscriber as well as software.
Applications.
Multilateration is commonly used in civil and military surveillance to accurately locate an aircraft,vechile or stationary emitter by measuring the time difference of arrival of a signal from the emitter at three or more receiver sites.
Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research for emergency as well as for commercial services.
Provides several services such as locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is originated.
Conclusion.
Proposal is advantageous in that the location of a mobile telephone can be accurately tracked even in the multi-path fading and the NLOS environment, by using more accurate tracking curves connecting the intersection points among circles with the radii being the distances between corresponding BSs and the mobile telephone in a cellular mobile communication system. We have described about accurate positioning of mobile telephones, which can be used for several applications. The important considerations to be undertaken while selecting a location based technology are location accuracy, implementation cost, reliability, increasing functionality.
Reference
Â
ieeexplore.ieee.org Â
gp.espacenet.com
wikipedia.com
Phones In TeleCommunication.
Manu.R
S7 CS
No::18
College Of Engineering , Kalloopara
[attachment=4201]
[attachment=4202]
Contents.
Introduction.
Need for geolocation.
Technologies used for geolocation.
Mobile tracking.
Mobile positioning.
Applications.
Includes plurality of transmit and receive stations…
Tracking stations have GPS receiver, radio direction finder, two way communication system, a computer.
Major challenge is in creating acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter is intermittently blocked.
Includes several Base stations T1 to TN, a Base station Controller (BSC).
Service area is divided into several coverage area having respective base stations-Cells.
Need For GeoLocation.
Personalize mobile services.
Allow the n/w operators to facilitates new services to the mobile users
Services:
Emergency service for subscriber safety
Location sensitive billing
Cellular fraud detection
Intelligent transport s/m services
Efficient & effective n/w performance and management
Technologies Used For Geolocation.
Handset Based Mobile Positioning And Tracking.
GPS.
Mobile can be located by a mobile itself or through a mobile telecommunication network.
To locate by itself mobile should be provided with a GPS receiver .
Demerits.
Increases the price and size.
Load is increased.
Power consumption is high.
Global Positioning system.
Cont…
Direction Based Geolocation.
Angle of arrival method.
Calculates the angle of arrival of signal receiving at BS.
Requires two or more base stations for determination.
Measures the direction of signal falling on the base station.
Measures angle of incidence with respect to the normal.
Not accurate.
Disadvantages:
Angle of incidence changes due to obstacles like atmospheric particles or scattering…
Cant be used in b/w BSs.
Cant be used in indoor environments.
Accuracy increased by increasing number of BSs.
Distance Based Positioning.
Time Of Arrival [TOA].
Calculates the distance b/w mobile and BS based on TOA.
Ri = C τi = sqrt ( (xi – X ) 2 + (yi – Y) 2 )
Where,
C – Propagation speed of electromagnetic wave,
τi – propagation of time from the mobile telephone
to ith base station,
xi, yi – location of ith base
station,
X, Y – mobile position.
DBP Cont…
Time Difference Of Arrival [TDOA].
Also known as multilateration or hyperbolic positioning.
Process of locating an object by computing the TDOA of a signal emitted from that object to three or more receivers.
Mobile Tracking
Must emit at least the roaming signal. Do not require an active call.
GSM localisation by Multilateration.
Cell tower listen for signal send from phone
Negotiate the best tower which is able to communicate with the phone.
Technology is based on measuring power levels and antenna patterns.
Advncd system determine the sector in which the mobile phone resides. And also the distanc to the base stn.
GSM.
Standard for Mobile.
82% of the global mobile market uses.
3 billion people, across 212 countries.
Specifications of GSM
Frequency Band: 1850 – 1990MHz.
Duplex distance: 80MHz.
Channel separation: 200KHz.
Modulation: Gaussian minimum shift keying.
Transmission rate: 270 kbps
Access method: TDMA.
Speech coder: LPC.
Cont...
Additional services in GSM.
Call forwarding.
Barring of outgoing calls.
Barring of incoming calls.
Advice of charge.
Call hold.
Call waiting.
Multiparty service.
Mobile Positioning.
Localization and tracking r now stepped over by Positioning. GPS.
Can determine which direction one is travelling.
GPS, only fully functional global navigation satellite system.
Location based service that discloses the actual coordinates of a mobile phone.
Location Based Systems.
Network Based.
Handset Based.
Hybrid.
Network Based.
Utilize the service providers infrastructure to identify the location of the handset.
Can be implemented non-intrusively.
Accuracy varies, least for cell identification and most accurate for triangulation.
Accuracy dependent on conc. of base station cells.
Must work closely with service provider.
Handset Based.
Requires the installation of client software on the handset.
Determines the location by, cell identification, signal strength of the home and neighboring cells.
Requires the active cooperation of the mobile subscriber as well as software.
Applications.
Multilateration is commonly used in civil and military surveillance to accurately locate an aircraft,vechile or stationary emitter by measuring the time difference of arrival of a signal from the emitter at three or more receiver sites.
Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research for emergency as well as for commercial services.
Provides several services such as locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is originated.
Conclusion.
Proposal is advantageous in that the location of a mobile telephone can be accurately tracked even in the multi-path fading and the NLOS environment, by using more accurate tracking curves connecting the intersection points among circles with the radii being the distances between corresponding BSs and the mobile telephone in a cellular mobile communication system. We have described about accurate positioning of mobile telephones, which can be used for several applications. The important considerations to be undertaken while selecting a location based technology are location accuracy, implementation cost, reliability, increasing functionality.
Reference
Â
ieeexplore.ieee.org Â
gp.espacenet.com
wikipedia.com
