05-01-2018, 04:28 PM
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
*The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy
Ans : Physics
*Branches of physics are Dynamics,Thermody namics, Mechanics, Optics, Acoustics, Electronics, Astrophysics, Nuclear physics.
MATTER
*Anything that possesses weight and occupies space is - Matter
*7 states of matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose Einstein Condensate, Fermionic condensate, Quark Gluon Plasma.
*Matter that has definite shape and volume
Ans : Solid
*Matter that doesn’t have definite shape, but has definite volume - Liquid
*Matter that doesn’t have definite shape and volume, but occupies the shape of container
Ans : Gas
*Fourth state of matter - Plasma
*Fifth state of matter - Bose-Einstein Condensate
*At ultra high temperature matter exist in plasma form.
*Molecules are seen in most irregular form in Plasma State.
*99% of matter in the universe is in plasma form.
*Theory of classification of fundamental particles and how they interact is known as
Ans : Standard Model
Elementary Particles
Fermions Bosons
Quarks Leptons Gauge Bosons Higgs Boson
*Number of elementary fermions in standard model -12
*Any particle made up of Quarks and Gluons are called as Hadrons
*Hadrons are categorized into two
Ans : Mesons and Baryons
*Massive particles which are made up of quark -Antiquark pair are called
Ans : Mesons
*Exchange particle in Quark-Quark interaction
Ans : Gluon
*Any Particle which are made up of 3 quarks
Ans : Baryons
*The most stable form of hadrons are
Ans : Protons and Neutrons
*The term ‘God Particle’ was first coined by
Ans : Leon Lederman
*The term ‘Boson’ was first coined by
Ans : Paul Dirac
*The word ‘quark’ was coined by
Ans : Murray Gell Man
*Quark model of matter was discovered by
Ans : Murray Gellman and George Swieg
*Bose - Einstein condensate was first predicted by
Ans : Sathyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein
*The ‘pure’ Bose - Einstein condensate was first created by
Ans : Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman
*A super fluid phase formed by bosonic atoms is known as
Ans : Bose-Einstein Condensate
*A Superfluid phase formed by fermonic particles
Ans : Fermionic Condensate
*Equipment used by the scientist to create Higgs boson and other particles for observation and study
Ans : LHC (Large Hadron Collider)
*Worlds largest and highest energy particle accelerator
Ans : LHC (27 Kms in Circumference)
*LHC is located in
Ans : Geneva (Switzerland)
*LHC is operated by
Ans : CERN
*CERN is a European Organization for Nuclear Research
*Purpose of LHC Experiment - To investigate and understand why there is a diversity of life in the Universe.
BOSONS
*Energy carriers in the matter are known as
Ans : Bosons
*Bosons which carry electro magnetic force
Ans : Photons
*Bosons which carry weak nuclear force
Ans : W&Z Bosons
*Bosons which carry strong nuclear force
Ans : Gluons
*Particle which gives the property of mass to the matter is
Ans : Higgs Boson
*Fundamental particle which is known as God Particle
Ans : Higgs Boson
*Particle which is considered as the buiding blocks of all life
Ans : Higgs Boson (discovered at CERN in 4th July 2012)
Units and Measurements
*Units are of two types
1. Fundamental units 2.Derived units
Fundamental units
*Fundamental units are the units of fundamental quantities which can’t be derived from any other quantities like Length, Mass and Time.
*Fundamental units can be expressed in three kinds of measuring systems such as CGS, MKS and FPS.
*FPS is also known as British System of Units.
*The unit of Time is same in all the Systems.
Measurement CGS MKS FPS
*Length-Centri meter -Metre-Foot
*Mass-Gram-Kilogram -Pound
*Time-Second-Second-Second
7 base units in SI system
Base quantity Name Symbol
*Length -metre -m
*Mass -kilogram -kg
*Time -second -s
*Electric current -ampere -A
*Temperature -kelvin -K
*Amount of substance -mole -mol
*Luminous intensity -candela -cd
