14-12-2017, 04:52 PM
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES (Article 51 A)
*There was no list of Fundamental Duties in the Original Constitution.
*By the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976, a list of 10 Fundamental Duties was inserted in to the Constitution.
*By this amendment a new part - IVA and new Article 51 A were-added to the constitution, which deal with Fundament Duties.
* Fundamental Duties are modelled on the erstwhile constitution of the USSR. It was inserted into the Indian Constitution on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
*One more fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act2002. Thus now there are 11 fundamental duties.
*Fundamental Duties are Non Justiciable in nature.
List of Fundamental Duties IV-A 51-A
It shall be the duty of every citizens of India-
(1)To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the. National. Flag and the National Anthem;
(2)To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(3)To uphold and protect- the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(4)To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(5) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(6)To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(7)To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(8)To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(9)To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(10)To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
(11)It shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.
*The oath of office to the President is administered by the Chief Justice of India and in his absence, the senior most judge of the supreme court available.
