25-10-2017, 10:03 AM
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It establishes the framework that defines the fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of governmental institutions and establishes fundamental rights, management principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. B. R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely regarded as its chief architect.
It imparts constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, since it is not created by Parliament, but by a constituent assembly, and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament can not overturn the constitution.
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and entered into force on 26 January 1950. By its adoption the Union of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Indian Government Act of 1935 as the country's fundamental government document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the drafters of the constitution revoked the earlier laws of the British Parliament through article 395 of the Constitution. India celebrates its entry into force on January 26 of each year, as the Day of the Republic.
Declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic, which guarantees its citizens justice, equality and freedom, and strives to promote brotherhood among them. Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. When the Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950, it repealed the Indian Independence Act. India ceased to be a domain of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic. The date of January 26 was chosen to commemorate Purna Swaraj's declaration of independence of 1930.
Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 of the Constitution entered into force on November 26, 1949 and the remaining articles January 26, 1950.