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Piezoelectricity / piˌeɪzoʊˌilɛktrɪsɪti / is the electric charge accumulated in some solids (such as crystals, some ceramics, and organic matter such as bones, DNA and various proteins) [1] in response to applied mechanical stress. The piezoelectricity word means electricity resulting from the pressure. It is derived from the Greek (πιέζω) piezo or piezein (πιέζειν), which means press or press on and Elektron (ήλεκτρον), this meaning amber, an ancient source electric charge. [2] the piezoelectricity was discovered by french physicist Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880. [3]

The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear electromechanical interaction between mechanical and electrical condition in crystalline materials without inversion symmetry. [4] the piezo-electric effect is a reversible process in that materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (the generation internal electrical charge resulting from an applied mechanical force) are also opposite the piezoelectric effect (the internal generation of mechanical stress resulting from an applied electric field). For example, lead zirconate titanate crystals will generate measurable piezoelectricity when their static structure is distorted by about 0.1% of the original dimension. Conversely, these same crystals vary from about 0.1% of their static dimension when an external electric field is applied to the material. The inverse piezoelectric effect is used in the production of ultrasonic sound waves