06-04-2010, 06:26 PM
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THE BLUETOOTH BLUES
Presented by
HISTORY
The Bluetooth specification was first developed in 1994 by Sven Mattison and Jaap Haartsen, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund, Sweden
The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998
The Bluetooth system is named after Harald Blatand, a tenth-century Danish Viking king, who united Denmark and Norway
WHAT IS BLUETOOTH?
Bluetooth is a new communication system for electrical devices in the home. A Bluetooth is a wireless system that uses radio waves for communication. It has the ability to communicate with many different devices at once without interference
Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range transmission of digital voice and data that supports point-to-point and multipoint applications
Bluetooth is based on a low-cost, low power, short range radio link. Bluetooth cuts the cord that used to tie up digital devices. when two Bluetooth devices come within 50 meters range of each other , they establish a connection together
TECHNICAL VIEWPOINT
It operates at 2.45 GHz which is available globally, although slight variation of location and width of band apply.
The range is set at 10 to100 meters to optimize for target market of mobile and business user. The range can, however, be increased.
Gross data rate is 1Mbit/s, with second generation plans to increase to 2 Mbit/s.
One-to-one connections allow maximum data transfer rate of 723 Kbit/s.
It has low power consumption, drawing only 0.3 mA in standby mode. This enables maximum performance longevity for battery powered devices.
POTENTIAL USES OF BLUETOOTH
Phones and pagers
Modems
LAN access devices
Headsets
Notebook computers
Desktop and handheld computers
Printers
Fax machines
Keyboards & Joysticks
BLUETOOTH PROTOCOL STACK
The heart of the Bluetooth specification is the Bluetooth protocol stack By providing well-defined layers of functionality, the Bluetooth specification ensures interoperability of Bluetooth devices and encourages adoption of Bluetooth technology.
Bluetooth is defined as a layered protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement and telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols
CORE SYSTEM PROTOCOL
Radio (RF) protocol
Specifies details of the air interface, the use of frequency hopping, modulation scheme, and transmit power.
Baseband protocol
Concerned with connection establishment within a Piconet, addressing, packet format, timing, and power control
Link Manager protocol (LMP)
Responsible for page link setup between Bluetooth devices and ongoing page link management
Logical page link control and adaptation
protocol (L2CAP)
L2CAP provides both connectionless and connection-oriented services.
Service discovery protocol (SDP)
Device information, services, and the characteristics of the services can be queried to enable the establishment of a connection between two or more Bluetooth devices
ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL
RFCOMM
It provides connections to multiple devices by relying on L2CAP to handle multiplexing over single connection
Wireless access protocol (WAP)
It supports the limited display size and resolution typically found on mobile devices by providing special formats for Web pages
Object exchange protocol (OBEX)
OBEX is a protocol designed to allow a variety of devices to exchange data simply and spontaneously.
Telephony control protocol
Bluetooth's Telephony Control protocol Specification (TCS) defines how telephone calls should be sent across a Bluetooth page link
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
The point-to-point protocol is an Internet standard protocol for transporting IP datagram over a point-to-point page link
CORE ARCHITECTURAL BLOCKS
Channel manager
The channel manager is responsible for creating, managing, and destroying L2CAP channels for the transport of service protocols
L2cap resource manager
The L2CAP resource manager block is responsible for managing the ordering of submission of fragments to the baseband
Device manager
The device manager is the functional block in the baseband that controls the general behavior of the Bluetooth enabled device
Link manager
The page link manager is responsible for the creation, modification, and release of logical links
Link controller
The page link controller is responsible for the encoding and decoding of Bluetooth packets
PROFILE OVERVIEW
In order to use Bluetooth wireless technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications
each profile specification contains information on the following topics:
Dependencies on other profiles
Suggested user interface formats
Specific parts of the Bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile. To perform its task, each profile uses particular options and parameters at each layer of the stack .
SECURITY
Non secure mode
No security measures are utilized. Any other Bluetooth device can access the data and services of a device.
Service level enforced security
Enacts security measures based on authorization. In this mode, different trust levels can be defined for each of the services offered by the device
Link level enforced security
Requires both authentication and encryption. The Bluetooth device initiates security procedure before the channel is established.
HEALTH CONCERNS
That the carrier waves used by Bluetooth's transmitters use the same frequency range as microwave Ovens (Bluetooth uses 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz).
Actually, the transmitting power is far too weak to be noticeable for humans. When using a wireless phone or a Bluetooth device, some of the emitted RF energy is absorbed by the body. The penetration depth is about 1.5 cm at 2450 MHz which means that the absorption is very superficial.
The radiated output power of Bluetooth devices is low when compared to other widely used mobile devices, so it is assumed that the potential for health risks are also correspondingly lower
INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
One of the 3 IrDA-standards that are used today is called IrDA-Data, and this standard is primarily meant for data transmission. But the main differences as compared to Bluetooth are:
IrDA is not omnidirectional, as is Bluetooth. The IrDA-beam has to be aimed at the receiving antenna.
IrDA must have a free line of sight.
IrDA is point-to-point; only 2 units at a time can communicate
BLUETOOTH vs WI-FI
The popular term for a high-frequency wireless local area network. The consumer-friendly name for the 802.11b engineering standard Wi-Fi uses the same radio frequencies as Bluetooth
Bluetooth has generally lower speed than that of 802.11b wireless LANs.
Bluetooth components (chips and radios) and device adapters are cheaper than wireless LAN components and adapters.
Bluetooth chips have lower power consumption - less drain on battery
CONCLUSION
The hottest new technological wave of the future is Bluetooth. This groundbreaking technology is growing so fast that it will be built in to products. Ease of use combined with increasing availability leads us to believe that Bluetooth will soon become common as big hair.
As Bluetooth technology becomes more main stream, go ahead and take it for a whirl and enjoy a cable less and hands-free environment.
THE BLUETOOTH BLUES
Presented by
HISTORY
The Bluetooth specification was first developed in 1994 by Sven Mattison and Jaap Haartsen, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund, Sweden
The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998
The Bluetooth system is named after Harald Blatand, a tenth-century Danish Viking king, who united Denmark and Norway
WHAT IS BLUETOOTH?
Bluetooth is a new communication system for electrical devices in the home. A Bluetooth is a wireless system that uses radio waves for communication. It has the ability to communicate with many different devices at once without interference
Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range transmission of digital voice and data that supports point-to-point and multipoint applications
Bluetooth is based on a low-cost, low power, short range radio link. Bluetooth cuts the cord that used to tie up digital devices. when two Bluetooth devices come within 50 meters range of each other , they establish a connection together
TECHNICAL VIEWPOINT
It operates at 2.45 GHz which is available globally, although slight variation of location and width of band apply.
The range is set at 10 to100 meters to optimize for target market of mobile and business user. The range can, however, be increased.
Gross data rate is 1Mbit/s, with second generation plans to increase to 2 Mbit/s.
One-to-one connections allow maximum data transfer rate of 723 Kbit/s.
It has low power consumption, drawing only 0.3 mA in standby mode. This enables maximum performance longevity for battery powered devices.
POTENTIAL USES OF BLUETOOTH
Phones and pagers
Modems
LAN access devices
Headsets
Notebook computers
Desktop and handheld computers
Printers
Fax machines
Keyboards & Joysticks
BLUETOOTH PROTOCOL STACK
The heart of the Bluetooth specification is the Bluetooth protocol stack By providing well-defined layers of functionality, the Bluetooth specification ensures interoperability of Bluetooth devices and encourages adoption of Bluetooth technology.
Bluetooth is defined as a layered protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement and telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols
CORE SYSTEM PROTOCOL
Radio (RF) protocol
Specifies details of the air interface, the use of frequency hopping, modulation scheme, and transmit power.
Baseband protocol
Concerned with connection establishment within a Piconet, addressing, packet format, timing, and power control
Link Manager protocol (LMP)
Responsible for page link setup between Bluetooth devices and ongoing page link management
Logical page link control and adaptation
protocol (L2CAP)
L2CAP provides both connectionless and connection-oriented services.
Service discovery protocol (SDP)
Device information, services, and the characteristics of the services can be queried to enable the establishment of a connection between two or more Bluetooth devices
ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL
RFCOMM
It provides connections to multiple devices by relying on L2CAP to handle multiplexing over single connection
Wireless access protocol (WAP)
It supports the limited display size and resolution typically found on mobile devices by providing special formats for Web pages
Object exchange protocol (OBEX)
OBEX is a protocol designed to allow a variety of devices to exchange data simply and spontaneously.
Telephony control protocol
Bluetooth's Telephony Control protocol Specification (TCS) defines how telephone calls should be sent across a Bluetooth page link
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
The point-to-point protocol is an Internet standard protocol for transporting IP datagram over a point-to-point page link
CORE ARCHITECTURAL BLOCKS
Channel manager
The channel manager is responsible for creating, managing, and destroying L2CAP channels for the transport of service protocols
L2cap resource manager
The L2CAP resource manager block is responsible for managing the ordering of submission of fragments to the baseband
Device manager
The device manager is the functional block in the baseband that controls the general behavior of the Bluetooth enabled device
Link manager
The page link manager is responsible for the creation, modification, and release of logical links
Link controller
The page link controller is responsible for the encoding and decoding of Bluetooth packets
PROFILE OVERVIEW
In order to use Bluetooth wireless technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications
each profile specification contains information on the following topics:
Dependencies on other profiles
Suggested user interface formats
Specific parts of the Bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile. To perform its task, each profile uses particular options and parameters at each layer of the stack .
SECURITY
Non secure mode
No security measures are utilized. Any other Bluetooth device can access the data and services of a device.
Service level enforced security
Enacts security measures based on authorization. In this mode, different trust levels can be defined for each of the services offered by the device
Link level enforced security
Requires both authentication and encryption. The Bluetooth device initiates security procedure before the channel is established.
HEALTH CONCERNS
That the carrier waves used by Bluetooth's transmitters use the same frequency range as microwave Ovens (Bluetooth uses 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz).
Actually, the transmitting power is far too weak to be noticeable for humans. When using a wireless phone or a Bluetooth device, some of the emitted RF energy is absorbed by the body. The penetration depth is about 1.5 cm at 2450 MHz which means that the absorption is very superficial.
The radiated output power of Bluetooth devices is low when compared to other widely used mobile devices, so it is assumed that the potential for health risks are also correspondingly lower
INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
One of the 3 IrDA-standards that are used today is called IrDA-Data, and this standard is primarily meant for data transmission. But the main differences as compared to Bluetooth are:
IrDA is not omnidirectional, as is Bluetooth. The IrDA-beam has to be aimed at the receiving antenna.
IrDA must have a free line of sight.
IrDA is point-to-point; only 2 units at a time can communicate
BLUETOOTH vs WI-FI
The popular term for a high-frequency wireless local area network. The consumer-friendly name for the 802.11b engineering standard Wi-Fi uses the same radio frequencies as Bluetooth
Bluetooth has generally lower speed than that of 802.11b wireless LANs.
Bluetooth components (chips and radios) and device adapters are cheaper than wireless LAN components and adapters.
Bluetooth chips have lower power consumption - less drain on battery
CONCLUSION
The hottest new technological wave of the future is Bluetooth. This groundbreaking technology is growing so fast that it will be built in to products. Ease of use combined with increasing availability leads us to believe that Bluetooth will soon become common as big hair.
As Bluetooth technology becomes more main stream, go ahead and take it for a whirl and enjoy a cable less and hands-free environment.
