07-03-2012, 04:17 PM
Smart Grid & Integration of Renewable Energy Resources
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The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware, management and reporting software, built atop an intelligent communications infrastructure.
In the world of the Smart Grid, consumers and utility companies alike have tools to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues.
The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes a two-way conversation, saving consumers money, energy, delivering more transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing carbon emissions.
Technology Integration & Grid Management
Need for development of Smart Grid having features like-
Phasor Measurement Technique
Wide Area Measurement (WAM)
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
Adoptive Islanding
Self healing Grids
Probabilistic and Dynamic Stability Assessment
Distributed and autonomous Control
Benefits of PMU
Time synchronized sub-second data
Dynamic behavior observing
Directly provides the phase angles (State Estimation to State Measurement)
Improve post disturbance assessment
High data rates and low latency due to computation
Demand Optimization
Smart Metering –
Automatic, Time of Use, Consumer Communication & Load Control
Communications : Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) – LAN, WAN, HAN
DRMS (Demand Response Management)
In Home enabling technology
Demand in three category:
Immediate, Deferrable, Storable
Customer aggregation & De-aggregation required for Peak shifting
