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Introduction

Data exchange and application integration are becoming more and more critical to business success. XML enables convenient data sharing, regardless of the platforms. XML also proliferates powerful intelligent search, a fine granularity structural search that goes to the interior of an XML document, because XML can leverage its tree structure to induce the
complex semantic search to an intuitive and feasible tree search. Mainly due to these two attractive advantages, XML has quickly become a popular language to express data in electronic business for the construction of Web services and SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture). It is predicted that the XML application traffic will increase rapidly and take
about 45% of overall network traffic. As XML-based services are becoming popular, various security threats emerge targeting XML applications. A survey of IT managers shows that 45.5% of them take security as the biggest obstacle of deploying XML-based Web services.