WEB PAGE DESIGNING full report
#1

Presented by:
PATEL HARDIK
SOHGIYA ABHISHEK

[attachment=12502]
WEB PAGE DESIGNING
CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
1.1WHAT IS WORLD WIDE WEB?

o The World Wide Web (also called WWW, or W3, or simply the Web) is an Internet-based global information system that makes available multimedia information form over millions of computers around the world.
o The Web is the second most popular Internet service next to e-mail, but it accesses a larger quantity and greater variety of data than any other service in the Internet.
o The WWW is a network of interactive documents and the software to access them.
o It provides more information than you could ever digest in a lifetime, linked together in various ways, available for you to browse whenever you want.
1.2EVOLUTION OF WWW
o The concept of World Wide Web (WWW) was developed by Tim Berners and Lee in Switzerland at the European Particle Research Centre (CERN) in the year 1989.
o They gave three standards to make a web page possible.
o HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): It is the way for computers to talk to one another over the Internet.
o HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): This describes how to format documents so they can be transferred over the Web. It gives the proper look to the document.
o URL (Uniform Resource Locater): By this we can give a unique address to the document on the Web.
o The main idea of web was to work with documents only. But now a days, WWW-World Wide Web is a group of computers containing documents, figures, pictures, videos, sounds in very large collection.
o Because of the ability of web to work with multimedia and modern programming languages, it is very fast developing part of Internet.
o In the month of December, 1991, a public demonstration was given in San Antonio, Texas (USA).
o In the year 1993, the first graphical interface software package called Mosaic was released.
o The Mosaic was discovered by Marc Andersen, working with National Centre of Supercomputer Applications (NCSA).
o In the year 1994, CERN and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) was collaborated and created an organization for developing web, standardizing protocols, and interoperability between sites called World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
1.3ABOUT W3C
o W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium. It was created in December 1994.
o W3C is working to make the Web accessible to all users (despite differences in culture, education, ability, resources, and physical limitations).
o Since this organizations created, hundreds of universities and companies have joined the consortium. Some of them are Microsoft, IBM, America Online, Apple, Adobe, Macromedia, Sun Microsystems.
o The WWW is maintained by W3C.
o This organization is a group of people related to Internet development and Web page designing. This also includes specialists form the leading companies.
o W3C is the closest anyone gets to settings the standards for and enforcing rules about World Wide Web.
 Web is only few years old, but it is growing at an astounding rate. Its popularity has increased dramatically.
 It is becoming more and more popular because it is so easy to use, colorful, and right in content.
 Basically it is the series of interconnected documents stored on the computer sites or the Web sites.
 You can visit stores to buy things, transfer movies, pictures, games and other software to your computer, much of it free. As you move through the Web you can read the data on almost every imaginable topic.
 On the whole, World Wide Web is becoming a pipeline telephone, communication, entertainment, and news-the challenging existing technologies.
CH:2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 What it is?
 W3C Stands for the World Wide Web Consortium
 W3C was created in October 1994
 W3C was created by Tim Berners-Lee
 W3C was created by the Inventor of the Web
W3C is organized as a Member Organization Standardizing the Web
W3C is working to make the Web accessible to all users (despite differences in culture, education, ability, resources, and physical limitations)
W3C also coordinates its work with many other standards organizations such as the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Wireless Application Protocols (WAP) Forum and the Unicode Consortium.
W3C is hosted by three universities:
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S.
 The French National Research Institute in Europe
 Keio University in Japan
2.2 W3C Members
Because the Web is so important (both in scope and in investment) that no single organization should have control over its future, W3C functions as a member organization.
Some well known members are:
 IBM
 Microsoft
 America Online
 Apple
 Adobe
 Macromedia
 Sun Microsystems
2.3 W3C Recommendations
The most important work done by the W3C is the development of Web specifications (called "Recommendations") that describe communication protocols (like HTML and XML) and other building blocks of the Web.
Each W3C Recommendation is developed by a work group consisting of members and invited experts. The group obtains its input from companies and other organizations, and creates a Working Draft and finally a Proposed Recommendation. In general the Recommendation is submitted to the W3C membership and director, for a formal approval as a W3C Recommendation.
The specification approval process is described in the next chapter.
The W3C standards approval process includes up to 7 different steps.
W3C Specification Approval Steps
When W3C is publishing a new Web standard, the specification has worked its way from an idea through a lot of refining processes including the following:
 W3C receives a Submission
 W3C publishes a Note
 W3C creates a Working Group
 W3C publishes a Working Draft
 W3C publishes a Candidate Recommendation
 W3C publishes a Proposed Recommendation
 W3C publishes a Recommendation
The next chapters of this section of W3Schools summarize the HTML, CSS, XML, XSL activities at the W3C, including status and timeline for each Web standard.
2.4 W3C Submissions
Any W3C member can submit a suggestion for a Web standard to the consortium. Most W3C Recommendations started as a submission to the consortium.
If a submission is within the W3C work area (or charter), the W3C will decide if they should start working to refine the suggestion.
2.5 W3C Notes
Often a submission to the W3C becomes a Note. A Note is a description of a suggestion refined as a public document.
A Note is made available by the W3C for discussion only. Publication of a Note indicates no endorsement by W3C. The content of a Note is edited by the member that submitted the Note, and not by the W3C. A Note may be updated, replaced, or rendered obsolete at any time. The publication of a Note does not indicate that the W3C has started any work related to the Note.
2.6 W3C Working Groups
When a submission is acknowledged by the W3C, a Working Group consisting of members and other interested parties is formed.
The Working Group will normally define a time schedule and issue a Working Draft of the proposed standard, describing the work in progress.
2.7 W3C Working Drafts
W3C Working Drafts are normally posted on the W3C Web site, along with an invitation for public comments.
A Working Draft indicates work in progress, but should not be used as reference material. The content may be updated, replaced, or rendered obsolete at any time.
2.8 W3C Candidate Recommendations
Some specifications are more complex than others, and might require more input, more time, and more testing from members and software vendors. Sometimes these specifications are published as Candidate Recommendations.
A Candidate Recommendation is also a "work in progress" and should not be used as reference material. The document may be updated, obsolete, and replaced at any time.
W3C Proposed Recommendations
A Proposed Recommendation represents the final stage of the work in the Working Group.
A Proposed Recommendation is still a "work in progress" and may still be updated, obsolete, and replaced. But even if it does not imply any official endorsement by the W3C, most often a Proposed Recommendation is close to the final Recommendation both in content and in time.
• W3C Recommendations
W3C Recommendations have been reviewed by the W3C members, and have the W3C's director's stamp of approval.
A W3C Recommendation is considered a stable document and may be used as reference material.
The next chapters of this section of W3Schools summarize the HTML, CSS, XML, XSL activities at the W3C, including document status and timeline for each Web standard.
HTML is the lingua franca for publishing on the World Wide Web.
• Designing Web sites needs careful thinking and a lot of planning.
• The most important thing is to KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE.
• Users Are Scanners
If you think a typical user will read the entire content of your Web pages, you are wrong.
No matter how much useful information you put into a Web page, a visitor will only spend a few seconds scanning it before they decide whether to leave it or to stay.
If you want a visitor to read your text, be sure to make your point in the very first sentence of the page. After that you should try to keep them occupied with short paragraphs and interesting new headers all the way down the page.
Try to keep all sentences as short as possible. Try to keep your paragraphs as short as possible. Try to keep your chapters as short as possible. Try to keep your pages as short as possible.
Use a lot of space between your paragraphs and chapters. Pages overloaded with text will kill your audience.
Don't place too much content on a single page. If you have a lot to say, try to break your information into smaller chunks and place it on different pages. Don't expect any visitor to scroll all the way down to the bottom of a page with thousands of words.
• Navigation
Try to create a navigation structure that is common for all the pages in your Web.
Keep the use of hyperlinks inside your text paragraphs to a minimum. Don't use hyperlinks inside text paragraphs to send your visitors to every random page of your Web. That will destroy the feeling of a consistent navigation structure.
If you must use hyperlinks, add them to the bottom of a paragraph or to the navigation menus of your site.
• Download Speed
A common mistake made by many web designers is to develop a site on a local machine with direct access to the data, or to develop the site over a high-speed Internet connection. Sometimes developers are not aware of the fact that some of their pages take a long time to download.
Internet usability studies tell us that most visitors will leave a Web page that takes more than 7 seconds to download.
Before you publish any content heavy pages, make sure they are tested over a low-speed modem connection. If your pages take a long time to download, you might consider removing some of your graphic or multimedia content.
XHTML is the latest version of HTML.

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