PRESENTED BY
K.RAJEEVI PRIYANKA
K.SWETHA BHAVANI
G.SWATHI MALLIKA
U.MAHESH

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WEATHER FORECASTING
ABSTRACT
• Here is an automated system being designed to get the weather forecast report in day to day life.
• This system is designed around a microcontroller which forms the control unit of the project.
• According to this system, different parameters such as temperature, humidity are being sensed and are being displayed in LCD.
TEMPERATUR SENSOR (THERMISTOR):
• The word thermistor is an acronym for thermal resistor, i.e., a temperature sensitive resistor.
• It is used to detect very small changes in temperature.
• Thermistors with both negative-temperature-coefficients (NTC) and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) are available.
• Thermistors are manufactured in the form of beads, probes, disc, washers and rods.
• The beads are made in diameter ranging from 0.15mto 2.5mm
ADC MODULE
 An ADC is a device that converts a continuous analog signal to a multi-level digital signal without altering its content.
 The signals that are monitored are sounds, movement, and temperature into Binary code for the PC.
Parallel converter (Flash ADC)
• Fastest
• High Resolution
• Converter Requires (2^n -1) Comparators
Successive Approximation type
• A sample and hold circuit to acquire the input voltage (Vin).
• An analog voltage comparator that compares Vin to the output of the internal DAC and outputs the result of the comparison to the successive approximation register (SAR).
• A successive approximation register sub circuit designed to supply an approximate digital code of Vin to the internal DAC.
• An internal reference DAC that supplies the comparator with an analog voltage equivalent of the digital code output of the SAR for comparison with Vin.
Counter Type ADC
• Simplest Type Of ADC
• A control logic is used to open agate for starting a counter the counter pulses are fed to the DAC .
• Output of the DAC is compared continually with the analog input.
Integrating ADC
• An integrating ADC is a type of analog-to-digital converter that converts an unknown input voltage into a digital representation through the use of an integrator.
• Converters of this type (or variations on the concept) are able to achieve high resolutions
• Their use is typically limited to digital voltmeters and other instruments requiring highly accurate measurements.
• Process is slow typically 300ms are required to perform a conversion.
Applications of ADC:
Digital camera
Scanners
Cell phone
Digital desk phone
BUZZER
• The "Piezoelectric sound components" introduced herein operate on an innovative principle utilizing natural oscillation of piezoelectric ceramics.
• These buzzers are offered in lightweight compact sizes from the smallest diameter of 12mm to large Piezo electric sounders.

Presented By
M.Maheswari
K.Jalaza

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INTRODUCTION
 Now a day's every system is automated in order to face new challenges. In the present days Automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility, reliability and accurate.
 Due to this demand every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good performance.
 So this system is very useful to do operations like weather forecasting, here is an automated system being designed .
 The main aim of this project is to get the weather forecast report in day to day life.
 This system is designed around a microcontroller which forms the control unit of the project. According to this system, different parameters such as temperature, humidity are being sensed and are being displayed in LCD.
 Respective sensors are used to sense the real-time parameters. All the sensors are interfaced to microcontroller along with the output device i.e. LCD.
 The microcontroller senses the inputs and the sensed parameters are displayed in LCD. Apart from this if any parameter crosses a particular threshold level and then an indication is given using a Buzzer.
 All the readings are displayed on the LCD according to the sensors output.
 Block Diagram
 Hardware used:
 Temperature Sensor
 Humidity Sensor
 Power Supply
 LCD
 Buzzer
 Micro- Controller
 Power supply:
In this system we are using 5V power supply for microcontroller of Transmitter section as well as receiver section. We use rectifiers for converting the A.C. into D.C and a step down transformer to step down the voltage.
Microcontroller 8051 (AT89S51):
In this project the microcontroller plays a major role in transmitting data to RF transmitter and here the data is transmitted using RF communication. In transmitter side microcontroller directs the data obtained from PC and at the receiver side microcontroller receives the data from the RF receiver and given to LCD.
The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
Features of Microcontroller:
• Compatible with MCS-51® Products
• 4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
– Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM, 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
• Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
• Watchdog Timer
• Dual Data Pointer
• Power-off Flag
• Fast Programming Time
• Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)
 Temperature Sensor:
Here we are using temperature sensor to read the temperature value.
If the temperature value crosses the threshold value then the given data is send to the controller to display on the PC which is on the section II through ADC
 ADC:
Analog to digital converter, the name itself is telling that ADC is used for converting the analog data to digital data. Here the analog data is taken from the output of sensors and the digital data is given to the controller.
 Humidity sensor:
Humidity sensor is used to sense humidity present in the air and provides the information to the microcontroller. This will display it in LCD
 Buzzer:
Buzzer is an output device which is an indication of excess value. If any of the parameter exceeds, then buzzer will alert the user.
Applications:
 Agriculture areas
 Industries
 Oceans
 Remote areas
 Space stations etc