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13-10-2017, 03:35 PM

Download the embedded system and computing notes

jaseela123d · 17-10-2017, 03:21 PM

An integrated system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with limitations of real-time computing. It is integrated as part of a complete device that often includes hardware and mechanical parts. Integrated systems control many devices commonly used today. Ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors are manufactured as components of integrated systems.

Examples of properties of typical embedded computers compared to general purpose counterparts are low power consumption, small size, rugged operating ranges, and low cost per unit. This occurs at the price of limited processing resources, which makes them much more difficult to program and interact with. However, by building intelligence mechanisms at the top of the hardware, taking advantage of possible existing sensors and the existence of a network of integrated units, one can optimally manage the available resources at the unit and network level, in addition to providing functions augmented, much beyond. For example, intelligent techniques can be designed to manage the energy consumption of integrated systems.

Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (ie CPUs with built-in memory or peripheral interfaces), but common microprocessors (which use external memory chips and peripheral interface circuits) are also common, especially in poorer systems complex. In any case, the processors used may be types ranging from general purposes to those specialized in certain types of calculations, or even tailor-made for the application in question. A common standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal processor (DSP).

Since the integrated system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.

Integrated systems range from portable devices such as digital clocks and MP3 players, to large stationary facilities such as traffic lights, factory controllers and highly complex systems such as hybrid vehicles, MRI and avionics. The complexity varies from low, single-chip microcontroller, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.

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