Nanotechnology has become one of the most promising technologies applied in all areas of science. Metal nanoparticles produced by nanotechnology have received global attention because of their extensive applications in the biomedical and physicochemical fields. Recently, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles using microorganisms and plants has been widely studied and has been recognized as a green and efficient way to exploit more microorganisms as convenient nano-factories. Here, we explore and detail the potential uses of various biological sources for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the application of these nanoparticles. In addition, we highlight recent milestones achieved for the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles by controlling critical parameters, including choice of biological source, incubation period, pH and temperature.
The nanoparticles were of a common nature due to various events that occurred in the environment among them human activities were of primary importance resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have a negative impact on biological systems. Progress over time evidenced the development in technology that revealed the ability of nanoscale metals to perform specific functions better than the bulk form of metals. Nobel metals such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc and iron were used in the synthesis of nano-sized particles. These particles were used in forms applied in various fields. Extensive potential applications of these particles made the biological synthesis using algae, actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi and plants. In plant synthesis it was shown that various extracts (leaves, bark, stems, seeds, latex, secondary metabolites, roots, branches, shells, fruits, seedlings, essential oils, tissue cultures, gum) generate particles.
It can be understood in the following video: