Underwater Communication


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Introduction

Underwater communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water


Why is Underwater Communication Important

Naval defence (submarines)
Ocean exploration
Understanding natural disasters (tsunami)


Traditional approach for ocean-bottom monitoring


Real time monitoring is not possible.
No interaction b/w onshore control systems and the monitoring instruments.
failures or misconfigurations may occur
Limited storage capacity


Challenges

Battery Power is limited
Limited available bandwidth

Channel characteristics
UW sensors are prone to failures because of fouling, corrosion, etc


mobility
The ocean can be as deep as 10 km


SONAR


SOund Navigation And Ranging
Two types of technology:
Active SONAR
Passive SONAR


Applications of Underwater Communication


Seismic monitoring.
Pollution monitoring
Ocean currents monitoring
Equipment monitoring and control
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)