I want block diagram for under ground fault detection using ATMEGA328 with description.

underground fault detection using atmega328 block diagram

The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from the base station in kilometers. An underground cable system is quite common in many urban areas wherein it becomes very difficult to repair in case of any faults because finding the exact location of the fault in such cable system is quite difficult. With the proposed system, finding the exact location of the fault is possible.

This project uses a standard concept of Ohms law, i.e., when a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through series resistor ( assuming them as cable lines), then the current would vary depending upon the location of the fault in the cable.

In case of a short circuit (line to ground), the voltage across the series resistors changes which is then fed to an ADC, to develop a precise digital data that gets displayed on the LCD.

The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in km and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known km to cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault that occurs at a particular distance of aperticular phase is displayed on the LCD interfaced to the microcontroller.

Furthermore, this project can be enhanced by using a capacitor in an AC circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate an open-circuited cable, unlike short-circuited fault only using resistors in DC circuit as followed in the above proposed project.