TRIP WIRE
#1

Presented by
Jugunu.shaik

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What is TripWire?
 Reliable intrusion detection system.
 Tool that checks to see what changes have been made in your system.
 Pinpoints, notifies, determines the nature, and provides information on the changes on how to manage the change.
 Mainly monitors the key attributes(like binary signature, size and other related data) of your files.
 Changes are compared to the established good baseline.
 Security is compromised, if there is no control over the various operations taking place.
 Security not only means protecting your system against various attacks but also means taking quick and decisive actions when your system is attacked.
 Elements of tripwire
 A tripwire database
 A policy file
How does TripWire work?
 First, a baseline database is created storing the original attributes like binary values in registry.
 If the host computer is intruded, the intruder changes these values to go undetected.
 The TripWire software constantly checks the system logs to check if any unauthorized changes were made.
 If so, then it reports to the user.
 User can then undo those changes to revert the system back to the original state.
Where is TripWire used?
 Tripwire for Servers(TS) is software used by servers.
 Can be installed on any server that needs to be monitored for any changes.
 Typical servers include mail servers, web servers, firewalls, transaction server, development server.
 It is also used for Host Based Intrusion Detection System(HIDS) and also for Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS).
 It is used for network devices like routers, switches, firewall, etc.
 If any of these devices are tampered with, it can lead to huge losses for the Organization that supports the network.
TRIPWIRE FOR NETWORK DEVICES
• Tripwire for network devices maintains a log of all significant actions including adding and deleting nodes, rules, tasks and user accounts.
• Automatic notification of changes to your routers, switches and firewalls.
• Automatic restoration of critical network devices.
• Heterogeneous support for today’s most commonly used network devices.
User authentication levels
 “Monitors” are allowed only to monitor the application. They cannot make changes to Tripwire for Network Devices or to the devices that the software monitors.
 “Users” can make changes to Tripwire for Network Devices, such as add routers, switches. Groups, tasks, etc., but they cannot make changes to the devices it monitors.
 “Powerusers” can make changes to the software and to the devices it monitors.
 “Administrator” can perform all actions, plus delete violations and log messages as well as add, delete, or modify user accounts
Tripwire for servers
 For the tripwire for server’s software to work two important things should be present –the policy file and the database.
 The Tripwire for server’s software conducts subsequent file checks automatically comparing the state of system with the baseline database.
 Any inconsistencies are reported to the Tripwire manger and to the host system log file.
 Reports can also be emailed to an administrator.
There are two types of Tripwire Manager
 Active Tripwire Manager
 Passive Tripwire Manager
 This active Tripwire Manager gives a user the ability to update the database, schedule integrity checks, update and distribute policy and configuration files and view integrity reports.
 The passive mode only allows to view the status of the machines and integrity reports.
How do you install and use TripWire?
 Install Tripwire and customize the policy file.
 Initialize the Tripwire database.
 Run a Tripwire integrity check.
 Examine the Tripwire report file.
 Take appropriate security measures.
 Update the Tripwire database file.
 Update the Tripwire policy file.
What is the benefit of TripWire?
 Increase security
Immediately detects and pinpoints unauthorized change.
 Instill Accountability
Tripwire identifies and reports the sources of change.
 Gain Visibility
Tripwire software provides a centralized view of changes across the enterprise infrastructure and supports multiple devices from multiple vendors.
 Ensure Availability
Tripwire software reduces troubleshooting time, enabling rapid discovery and recovery. Enables the fastest possible restoration back to a desired, good state.
What are the chances of TripWire?
 The main attractive feature of this system is that the software generates a report about which file has been violated, when the file has been violated and also what information in the files have been changed.
 If properly used it also helps to detect who made the changes.
 Proper implementation of the system must be done with a full time manager and crisis management department.
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#2
Introduction
Tripwire is a reliable intrusion detection system. It is a software tool that checks to see what has changed in your system. It mainly monitors the key attribute of your files , by key attribute we mean the binary signature, size and other related data. Tripwire has a powerful feature which pinpoints the changes that has taken place, notifies the administrator of these changes, determines the nature of the changes and provide you with information you need for deciding how to manage the change.
Tripwire Integrity management solutions monitor changes to vital system and configuration files. Any changes that occur are compared to a snapshot of the established good baseline. The software detects the changes, notifies the staff and enables rapid recovery and remedy for changes.
If you can identify the key subsets of these files and monitor them on a daily basis, then we will be able to detect whether any intrusion took place. Tripwire is an open source program created to monitor the changes in a key subset of files identified by the user and report on any changes in any of those files. When changes made are detected, the system administrator is informed.
Tripwire’s principle is very simple, the system administrator identifies key files and causes tripwire to record checksum for those files. Any changes, addition or deletion, are reported to the administrator. The administrator will be able to determine whether the changes were permitted or unauthorized changes. If it was the earlier case the n the database will be updated so that in future the same violation would not be repeated. In the latter case then proper recovery action would be taken immediately.
Scope
1. Increase security
Tripwire software immediately detects and pinpoints unauthorized change-whether malicious or accidental, initiated externally or internally. Tripwire provides the only way to know, with certainty, that systems remains uncompromised.
2. Instill Accountability
Tripwire identifies and reports the sources of change, enabling IT to manage by fact. It also captures an audit trail of changes to servers and network devices.
3. Gain Visibility
Tripwire software provides a centralized view of changes across the enterprise infrastructure and support multiple devices from multiple vendors.
4. Ensure Availability
Tripwire software reduces troubleshooting time.
Limitations
1. History Mechanism
The single most important time efficiency issue with Tripwire is the lack of a report history mechanism, which would drastically reduce the number of reports.
2. Report Formats
Although the commercial Tripwire product has five report formats, none of them offers a maximally-abbreviated single-line format that provides violation type, filename, and changed attribute keys in a single line.
3. Lack of Regular Expressions
The Tripwire policy file allows complete exclusion or lower security policies on directory trees.
4. E-Mail Report Minimization
Tripwire now allows e-mail reporting to go to different addresses for different portions of a machine's file systems.
5. Ease of Maintenance
Tripwire database and policy file maintenance are made easier if the Tripwire admin does not have to remember argument switches and long filenames.
Conclusion
Although having some limitations ;Tripwire is a reliable intrusion detection system. It is a software that can be installed in any type of system where damaged files are to be detected. The main attractive feature of this system is that the software generates a report about which file have been violated, when the file have been violated and also what in the files have been changed. To some extend it also helps to detect who made the changes. New versions of Tripwire is under research and development. The latest version under research is the Tripwire for Open Source.





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#3
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#4

A tripwire is a passive triggering mechanism, usually/originally employed for military purposes, although its principle has been used since prehistory for methods of trapping game.

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