TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT MONITORING
#1

SUBMITTED BY:
RANVEER KUMAR
SAURAV KUMAR
SHYAM KUMAR
SUMIT CHAUHAN
VIPLOVE KUMAR

[attachment=9495]
TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT MONITORING
Introduction:

In this project we will monitor transmission line fault. The steady state operating mode of a power system is balanced 3-phase ac. However, due to sudden external or internal changes in the system , this condition is disrupted. When the insulation of the system fails at one or more points or a conducting object comes in contact with a live point , a short circuit or fault occurs. The causes of faults are numerous , e.g., lighting , heavy winds , trees falling across lines , vehicles colliding with towers or poles, birds, line breaks, etc. A fault involving all the three phases is known as symmetrical fault while one involving only one or two phases is known as unsymmetrical fault .we are working on monitoring these faults during occurring on transmission line. In this project we indicate the fault on LCD. These faults are monitoring by using microcontroller.
We used 16*2 LCD display to indicate fault. We used Microcontroller 8051. 8051 is 8 bit single chip CPU. It contains inbuilt 8 kb ROM and 256 byte RAM.
8051 is 40 pin IC having four ports p0, p1, p2 and p3. Benefit on using 8051 is low cost. We can design PLC-programmable logic controller using 8051. We detected different types of faults and checked fault at different locations. We display faults at LCD. We connected LCD 16*2 at port0. We connected RS,RW and EN at pin p2.5, p2.4 and p2.3 respectively. We first of all step down the voltage then will give to rectifier. For rectification purpose we will use IN4007 diode. After rectification we filtered DC supply. After rectification we will convert 12 v to 5v using LM7805. 78 indicate +ve voltage and 5v.For the regulated power supply we use IC 7805 as a regulator to provide a fix 5 volt power supply.
BLOCK DIGRAM OF TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT MONITORING
Precautions:

While wiring, assembly and installation of the circuit ,make sure that you
1. use good quality wires.
2. use good quality relay
3. Iron soldering temperature should be below 350 degree cent.
4.Use good quality soldering wire.
BASIC COMPONENTS
There are number of basic components , using in this project these are –
(i). Power Supply for the circuit.
(ii) . Voltage regulator
(iii). Diode
(iv). Rectifier
(v). Transformer.
(vi). Resistors.
(vii). Capacitors.
(viii). Micro controller 8051
(ix). Lcd display
FAULT (power engineering):
In an electric power system, a fault is any abnormal flow of electric current. For example a short circuit is a fault in which current flow bypasses the normal load. An open circuit fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by some failure. In three phase systems, a fault may involve one or more phases and ground, or may occur only between phases. In a "ground fault" or "earth fault", current flows into the earth. The prospective short circuit current of a fault can be calculated for power systems. In power systems, protective devices detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers and other devices to limit the loss of service due to a failure.
In a polyphase system, a fault may affect all phases equally which is a "symmetrical fault". If only some phases are affected, the "asymmetrical fault" requires use of methods such as symmetrical components for analysis, since the simplifying assumption of equal current magnitude in all phases is no longer applicable.
There are various types of fault occurs in transmission line .
Transient faults :
A transient fault is a fault that is no longer present if power is disconnected for a short time.
Many faults in overhead power lines are transient in nature. At the occurrence of a fault power system protection operates to isolate area of the fault. A transient fault will then clear and the power line can be returned to service. Typical examples of transient faults include:
• momentary tree contact
• bird or other animal contact
• lightning strike
• conductor clash
In electricity transmission and distribution systems an automatic reclose function is commonly used on overhead lines to attempt to restore power in the event of a transient fault. This functionality is not as common on underground systems as faults there are typically of a persistent nature. Transient faults may still cause damage both at the site of the original fault or elsewhere in the network as fault current is generated.
Persistent fault :
A persistent fault does not disappear when power is disconnected. Faults in underground power cables are often persistent. Underground power lines are not affected by trees or lightning, so faults, when they occur, are probably due to damage. In such cases, if the line is reconnected, it is likely to be only damaged further.
Symmetric fault:
A symmetric, symmetrical or balanced fault which affects each of the three-phases equally. In transmission line faults, roughly 5% are symmetry. This is in contrast to an asymmetric fault, where the three phases are not affected equally. In practice, most faults in power systems are unbalanced. With this in mind, symmetric faults can be viewed as somewhat of an abstraction; however, as asymmetric faults are difficult to analyze, analysis of asymmetric faults is built up from a thorough understanding of symmetric faults.
Asymmetric fault:
An asymmetric or unbalanced fault does not affect each of the three phases equally. In practice, most faults in power systems are unbalanced; however, as asymmetric faults are difficult to analyze, analysis of asymmetric faults is built up from a thorough understanding of symmetric faults.
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#2

to get information about the topic "transmission line fault monitering" FULL REPORT PPT AND RELATED TOPIC REFER THE LINK BELLOW

http://studentbank.in/report-transmissio...monitoring

http://studentbank.in/report-transmissio...tion-to-eb
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#3

(04-03-2011, 09:40 AM)seminar class Wrote: SUBMITTED BY:
RANVEER KUMAR
SAURAV KUMAR
SHYAM KUMAR
SUMIT CHAUHAN
VIPLOVE KUMAR


TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT MONITORING
Introduction:

In this project we will monitor transmission line fault. The steady state operating mode of a power system is balanced 3-phase ac. However, due to sudden external or internal changes in the system , this condition is disrupted. When the insulation of the system fails at one or more points or a conducting object comes in contact with a live point , a short circuit or fault occurs. The causes of faults are numerous , e.g., lighting , heavy winds , trees falling across lines , vehicles colliding with towers or poles, birds, line breaks, etc. A fault involving all the three phases is known as symmetrical fault while one involving only one or two phases is known as unsymmetrical fault .we are working on monitoring these faults during occurring on transmission line. In this project we indicate the fault on LCD. These faults are monitoring by using microcontroller.
We used 16*2 LCD display to indicate fault. We used Microcontroller 8051. 8051 is 8 bit single chip CPU. It contains inbuilt 8 kb ROM and 256 byte RAM.
8051 is 40 pin IC having four ports p0, p1, p2 and p3. Benefit on using 8051 is low cost. We can design PLC-programmable logic controller using 8051. We detected different types of faults and checked fault at different locations. We display faults at LCD. We connected LCD 16*2 at port0. We connected RS,RW and EN at pin p2.5, p2.4 and p2.3 respectively. We first of all step down the voltage then will give to rectifier. For rectification purpose we will use IN4007 diode. After rectification we filtered DC supply. After rectification we will convert 12 v to 5v using LM7805. 78 indicate +ve voltage and 5v.For the regulated power supply we use IC 7805 as a regulator to provide a fix 5 volt power supply.
BLOCK DIGRAM OF TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT MONITORING
Precautions:

While wiring, assembly and installation of the circuit ,make sure that you
1. use good quality wires.
2. use good quality relay
3. Iron soldering temperature should be below 350 degree cent.
4.Use good quality soldering wire.
BASIC COMPONENTS
There are number of basic components , using in this project these are –
(i). Power Supply for the circuit.
(ii) . Voltage regulator
(iii). Diode
(iv). Rectifier
(v). Transformer.
(vi). Resistors.
(vii). Capacitors.
(viii). Micro controller 8051
(ix). Lcd display
FAULT (power engineering):
In an electric power system, a fault is any abnormal flow of electric current. For example a short circuit is a fault in which current flow bypasses the normal load. An open circuit fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by some failure. In three phase systems, a fault may involve one or more phases and ground, or may occur only between phases. In a "ground fault" or "earth fault", current flows into the earth. The prospective short circuit current of a fault can be calculated for power systems. In power systems, protective devices detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers and other devices to limit the loss of service due to a failure.
In a polyphase system, a fault may affect all phases equally which is a "symmetrical fault". If only some phases are affected, the "asymmetrical fault" requires use of methods such as symmetrical components for analysis, since the simplifying assumption of equal current magnitude in all phases is no longer applicable.
There are various types of fault occurs in transmission line .
Transient faults :
A transient fault is a fault that is no longer present if power is disconnected for a short time.
Many faults in overhead power lines are transient in nature. At the occurrence of a fault power system protection operates to isolate area of the fault. A transient fault will then clear and the power line can be returned to service. Typical examples of transient faults include:
• momentary tree contact
• bird or other animal contact
• lightning strike
• conductor clash
In electricity transmission and distribution systems an automatic reclose function is commonly used on overhead lines to attempt to restore power in the event of a transient fault. This functionality is not as common on underground systems as faults there are typically of a persistent nature. Transient faults may still cause damage both at the site of the original fault or elsewhere in the network as fault current is generated.
Persistent fault :
A persistent fault does not disappear when power is disconnected. Faults in underground power cables are often persistent. Underground power lines are not affected by trees or lightning, so faults, when they occur, are probably due to damage. In such cases, if the line is reconnected, it is likely to be only damaged further.
Symmetric fault:
A symmetric, symmetrical or balanced fault which affects each of the three-phases equally. In transmission line faults, roughly 5% are symmetry. This is in contrast to an asymmetric fault, where the three phases are not affected equally. In practice, most faults in power systems are unbalanced. With this in mind, symmetric faults can be viewed as somewhat of an abstraction; however, as asymmetric faults are difficult to analyze, analysis of asymmetric faults is built up from a thorough understanding of symmetric faults.
Asymmetric fault:
An asymmetric or unbalanced fault does not affect each of the three phases equally. In practice, most faults in power systems are unbalanced; however, as asymmetric faults are difficult to analyze, analysis of asymmetric faults is built up from a thorough understanding of symmetric faults.

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