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TIG welding
Definition
The designation TIG comes from USA and is an
abbreviation of Tungsten Inert Gas.
Tungsten - also called wolfram - is a metal with a
fusion point of more than 3300oC, which means
more than double the fusion point of the metals
which are usually welded.
Inert Gas is the same thing as inactive gas, which
means a type of gas that will not to combine with
other elements.
In Germany this method is called WIG welding,
the W meaning wolfram.
TIG welding is the international standardised
designation for this welding method.
According to DS/EN 24063 this welding process
has number 141.
The Principle of TIG Welding
TIG welding is an electric arc welding process in
which the fusion energy is produced by an electric
arc burning between the workpiece and the
tungsten electrode.
During the welding process the electrode, the arc
and the weld pool are protected against the
damaging effects of the atmospheric air by an
inert shielding gas.
By means of a gas nozzle the shielding gas is lead
to the welding zone where it replaces the
atmospheric air.
TIG welding differs from the other arc welding
processes by the fact that the electrode is not
consumed like the electrodes in other processes
such as MIG/MAG and MMA.
If it is necessary to use filler material, it is added
either manually or automatically as a bare wire.
TIG welding Principle
Feeding of filler material

The TIG Arc
As mentioned before the fusion energy in TIG
welding is produced in the arc burning between
the tungsten electrode and the workpiece.
The wire feeding can be done manually or
mechanically.
In DC TIG welding the tungsten electrode is
usually connected to negative polarity and the
workpiece to positive polarity.
According to the theory of electrons the
negatively charged electrons and positively
charged ions will migrate when the arc is ignited.
The electrons will migrate from the negative pole
to the positive pole while the ions will travel in
the opposite direction.
In the arc there will therefore be a collision
between the electron and the ions and this
collision produces heat energy
The below table shows which materials can be
TIG welded and the recommended types of
current and polarity.
Material Type of
current
Electrode
polarity
Unalloyed
steels
= -
Low-alloyed
steels
= -
Chromium/nick
el steels
= -
Chromium
steels
= -
Copper alloys = -
Nickel alloys = -
Titanium = -
Lead = -
Alluminium
alloys
~
Magnesium
alloys
~
Legend: = DC, ~ AC, - negative, + positive
Direct current with negative polarity on the
electrode is used for TIG welding of most
materials.
Welding aluminium and magnesium is usually not
possible with direct current. The reason for this is
that a strong layer of oxide, which is difficult to
break through due to its high fusion point, covers
these materials.
Therefore aluminium, magnesium and their alloys
are usually welded with alternating current which
is capable of breaking the oxide layer.

TIG welding
Definition
The designation TIG comes from USA and is an
abbreviation of Tungsten Inert Gas.
Tungsten - also called wolfram - is a metal with a
fusion point of more than 3300oC, which means
more than double the fusion point of the metals
which are usually welded.
Inert Gas is the same thing as inactive gas, which
means a type of gas that will not to combine with
other elements.
In Germany this method is called WIG welding,
the W meaning wolfram.
TIG welding is the international standardised
designation for this welding method.
According to DS/EN 24063 this welding process
has number 141.
The Principle of TIG Welding
TIG welding is an electric arc welding process in
which the fusion energy is produced by an electric
arc burning between the workpiece and the
tungsten electrode.
During the welding process the electrode, the arc
and the weld pool are protected against the
damaging effects of the atmospheric air by an
inert shielding gas.
By means of a gas nozzle the shielding gas is lead
to the welding zone where it replaces the
atmospheric air.
TIG welding differs from the other arc welding
processes by the fact that the electrode is not
consumed like the electrodes in other processes
such as MIG/MAG and MMA.
If it is necessary to use filler material, it is added
either manually or automatically as a bare wire.
TIG welding Principle
Feeding of filler material

The TIG Arc
As mentioned before the fusion energy in TIG
welding is produced in the arc burning between
the tungsten electrode and the workpiece.
The wire feeding can be done manually or
mechanically.
In DC TIG welding the tungsten electrode is
usually connected to negative polarity and the
workpiece to positive polarity.
According to the theory of electrons the
negatively charged electrons and positively
charged ions will migrate when the arc is ignited.
The electrons will migrate from the negative pole
to the positive pole while the ions will travel in
the opposite direction.
In the arc there will therefore be a collision
between the electron and the ions and this
collision produces heat energy
The below table shows which materials can be
TIG welded and the recommended types of
current and polarity.
Material Type of
current
Electrode
polarity
Unalloyed
steels
= -
Low-alloyed
steels
= -
Chromium/nick
el steels
= -
Chromium
steels
= -
Copper alloys = -
Nickel alloys = -
Titanium = -
Lead = -
Alluminium
alloys
~
Magnesium
alloys
~
Legend: = DC, ~ AC, - negative, + positive
Direct current with negative polarity on the
electrode is used for TIG welding of most
materials.
Welding aluminium and magnesium is usually not
possible with direct current. The reason for this is
that a strong layer of oxide, which is difficult to
break through due to its high fusion point, covers
these materials.
Therefore aluminium, magnesium and their alloys
are usually welded with alternating current which
is capable of breaking the oxide layer.

TIG Welding is one type of welding amongst a few choices you have - MIG, Stick, Oxyacetylene, etc.

TIG can be used to weld copper, titanium, even two dissimilar metals, and is handy for making tricky welds (e.g. s-curves, or welds on round things)..

TIG generates heat via an arc of electricity jumping from a (tungsten metal) electrode to the metal surfaces you intend to weld - usually aluminum or steel.

TIG stands for Tungsten Inert Gas, after the tungsten electrode, and the sheath of inert gas (argon or an argon mixture) surrounding it.

Big thanks to Mose O'Griffin, who narrated, taught, and demonstrated.
TIG welding (GTAW or gas tungsten) is an arc welding process that operates at high temperature (over 6,000 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt and heat metals. While it is more expensive than stick welding, it is cleaner and more versatile (works on steel, aluminum, brass and many other metals).It results is high quality welds.

On the downside the equipment is more expensive and the process is slower than other welding processes. Unlike GMAW or MIG welding, a non-consumable (doesn't get melted) tungsten electrode is used. The electrode creates an electrical arc which produces the required heat. The Tig torch is cooled by air or water and the process uses a filler metal in rod form.

GTAW also requires a shielding gas such as argon or helium to protect the weld from the atmosphere.

The gas tungsten arc welding process is generally not commercially competitive with other processes for welding heavier gauges of metal if they can be readily welded by the shielded metal arc, submerged arc, or gas metal arc welding processes with adequate quality.