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China's Tianhe-1a
Meaning Milky Way
 National University of Defense
Technology (NUDT)
 uses 1000 of Intel Westmere processors
with Nvidia Fermi graphics accelerators
 2.507 petaflops, or quatrillion calculations /second
(A petaflop is one thousand trillion (one quadrillion)
operations per second.)
7,168 GPUs and 14,336 CPUs
Greatest Scientific challenges
 Advancing Clean Energy
 Understanding Earth’s Climate
 Complex modeling
 Simulation capabilities to improve economic
 Prosperity and Global competitiveness
IBM’s MIRA
 Based on BLUE GENE/Q
 Uses 1000 of IBM’s POWER7 core
 20 times faster, running programs at
 10 quadrillion calculations per second, or 10 petaflops
 EXASCALE COMPUTING
 Exascale computing has the potential to address a class of highly complex workloads that have been beyond our reach
 For example, scientists will have to scale their current computer codes to more than 750,000 individual computing cores, providing them preliminary experience on how scalability might be achieved on an exascale-class system with hundreds of millions of cores.
Current supercomputers of IBM
 2005-a 5-teraflop
BlueGene/L
 2008-a 500-teraflop
Blue Gene/P
 2010-upcoming
Blue Gene/Q, called "Mira,"
• SPEED OF MIRA
• “If every man, woman and child in the United States performed one calculation each second, it would take them almost a year to do as many calculations as Mira will do in one second”
 Mira will be 20 times faster Than
INTERPRID ,current Blue Gene/P machine
• HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
 64-bit CPU capable of handling 4 threads simultaneously
 has 32 KB of L1 cache -- 16 KB for data and 16 KB for instructions
 . L2 cache is made up of 8 MB of embedded DRAM (eDRAM )
 Memory and I/O controllers are integrated on-chip
 Compute performance is delivered by using a large number of relatively low-speed cores -- a hallmark of the Blue Gene architecture.
• FEATURES
 Mira will encapsulate 750K cores, which works out to about 48,000 CPUs.
 Total memory is 750 TB, backed by 70 petabytes of disk storage.
 Mira will be cooled by a specially designed water cooling system.
 Last year, the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility won an Estar (Environmental Sustainability) award for the innovative energy-efficient cooling it designed for its current system. .
 fastest and most energy-efficient in the world, thanks to a combination of innovative chip designs and extremely efficient water-cooling
 COST-$50 million, plus another $4 million to $5 million annually to pay for electricity bills
• APPLICATIONS
 will be used by Argonne National Laboratory for more practical applications, including
 designing electric car batteries
 analyzing global climate change
 simulating the evolution of the universe.
 To model tropical storms and evolution of the universe
 IBM says that Mira will be "operational" in 2012, at which time it may become the fastest in the world.
• UPCOMING PROJECTS
 10-petaflop model called Blue Waters for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
 a 20-petaflop IBM model called Sequoia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory