The thought -translational device (TTD) consists of a training device and spelling program for the completely paralyzed using slow-cortical brain potentials (SCP). During the training phase, the self-regulation of SCPs is learned through visual-auditory feedback and positive reinforcement of SCPs; during the spelling phase, patients select letters or words with their SCPs. A psychophysiological system for detection of cognitive functioning in completely paralyzed patients is an integral part of the TTD. The neurophysiological and anatomical basis of SCP-regulation was investigated by recording of BOLD-response in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed involvement of basal ganglia and premotor cortex for required SCP positivity .The clinical outcome of 11 paralyzed patients using the TTD and quality of life of severely paralyzed patients is described.
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http://ieeexplore.ieeexpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1214698
http://accenetdownloads/reference/ACCE_Student_Paper-Jay_Malik.pdf
http://cis.gsu.edu/brainlab/papers/birba...20-123.pdf

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The Thought-Translation Device (TTD)
The TTD consists of a training

device and spelling program for the completely paralyzed using slow-cor-

tical brain potentials (SCP)., the self-regulation

of SCPs is learned through visual-auditory feedback and positive reinforce-ment of SCPs duirng the learning phase. during the spelling phase, patients select letters or words
wiht their respective SCP's. BOLD-response was recorded in functional magnetic resonance
imaging(MRI) as part of investigating the neurophysiological and anatomical basis of SCP. The studies conducted showed the involvement of basal ganglia and premotor cortex
for required SCP positivity.

Technology and functioning:
In the present embodiment, , the core of the TTD consists of a single computer

program written in Visual cpp that runs under all Microsoft Windows versions and it includes the functions of electroencephalogram (EEG)-acquisition,

storage, signal processing, classification, and various applications

for brain“computer-communication such as spelling. The patient receives

visual feedback on a separate monitor and/or auditory feedback. The

TTD-software can be connected to several EEG amplifier systems. an eight-channel EEG-amplifier with a time constant of 16 s is connected to an A/D-converter
in the patient's home which serves as the interface to

the TTD.
The proposed TTD also encompasses a psychophysiological system for detection of cognitive functioning in locked-in-syndrome, vegetative
state, apallic syndrome, and coma. The TTD and BCI-2000 permit recording and online-feedback and
reinforcement of slow cortical potentials (SCPs), ERPs, mu rhythm,
and other EEG signals in frequency bands up to 40 Hz. For patients unable to select letters and with no remaining visual func-

tion a digital yes”noversion allows the patient to respond to ex-

ternal questions with a brain response, e.g., a negative or positive SCP
polarization in a continuous fashion.



NEUROBEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCPS

More recent investigations used fMRI and
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy subjects and in
patients at various stages of the learned acquisition of SCP self-contro
l. fMRI-recorded BOLD responses averaged
over five trained subjects able to produce large cortical positives and negatives. Each trial included 70 trials for positivity and 70 for negativity. Awareness of these cognitive-attentional strategies is not
necessary for successful operant brain regulation.

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Thought Translation Device
Abstract
The Thought Translation Device (TTD) is a Brain Computer-Interface (BCI) which successfully enabled totally paralyzed patients to communicate by using their brain potentials only. TTD consists of a training device and spelling program for the completely paralyzed using Slow Cortical brain Potentials (SCP). During the training phase, self-regulation of SCPs is learn through visual-auditory feedback and positive reinforcement of SCPs. During the spelling phase, patients select letters or words with their SCPs. A psychophysiological system for detection of cognitive functioning in completely paralyzed patients is an integral part of the TTD. In its present form, the core of the TTD consists of a single computer program that runs under all MS-Windows versions. This software contains the functions of EEG-acquisition, storage, signal processing, classification, and various application such as spelling.

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