07-06-2010, 08:34 PM
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WIMAX
THE NEXT FRONTIER BROADBAND WIRELESS
PRESENTED BY:
BHARATH KUMAR
E.C.E
III/IV B.TECH
IMRAN AHMAD
E.C.E
III/IV B.TECH
KONERU LAKSHMAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
A wireless revolution is seeping into our daily lives never before. Sooner or
later we are all going to go wireless. Broadband Wireless Access has occupied a niche in
the market for about a decade. The recently developed Blue tooth wireless technology is
a low power, short-range technology for Ëœad hocâ„¢ cable replacement and it enables people
to wirelessly combine devices wherever they bring them. Due to the short-range
limitations of Blue tooth, the recent emergence of Wifi has replaced it. Wifi popularly
known as 802.11 is a moderate“range, moderate“speed technology based on Ethernet. It
allows people to wirelessly access throughout a location. Although the technologies share
a 2.4GHz band, they have potentially overlapping applications. As more and more people
use Wifi, more and more people are getting frustrated with its coverage limitations. The
demand for more coverage has opened a door for WiMax.
WiMax built on IEEE 802.16 standards is a wireless technology that provides
high throughput broadband connections over long distances .Due to itâ„¢s high security,
robustness and mainly huge data rates is soon to replace/support existing wireless access
technologies like Wifi, Bluetooth, etc and thus believed to be the next generation of
wireless access technology. When commercially available, Wimax will offer fixed,
nomadic and mobile wireless broadband connectivity without needing direct line-of-sight
access to a base station.
I. INTRODUCTION
WiMAX is a coined term or
a c r o n y m m e a n i n g Worldwide
Interoperability For Microwave Access
(WiMAX). Its purpose is to ensure that
WiMAX is both faster and has a longer
range than Wi-Fi. However, WiMAX
does not necessarily conflict with Wi-Fi,
but is designed to co-exist with it and may
the
broadband
wireless
radios
indeed
complement
it.
This
manufactured
for
customer
use
complementarity to Wi-Fi also extends to
interoperate from vendor to vendor.
WiMax is a new standard being developed
by the IEEE that focuses on solving the
problems of point to multipoint broadband
outdoor wireless networks. It has several
possible applications, including last mile
connectivity for homes and businesses and
backhaul for wireless hot spots.
While WiMax has historically
lacked the grass roots popularity of its
popular cousin, WiFi, and is the standard
for wireless metropolitan area networks
(WMANs). It has gained significant
traction from the high profile support it
has received from the likes of Intel, Dell,
Motorola, Fujitsu and other big name
all flavors of wired ethernet (IEEE 802.3),
token ring (IEEE 802.5) and non-IEEE
Standards .
II. Technical Details:
Range - 3 0 -mile (50-km) radius
from base station.
Speed - 70 megabits per second
Line-of-sight not needed between
corporations.
represents
the
next
user and base station
generation of wireless networking. Intel
has called it as a technology that will
enable up to 5 billion people to be
Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz
and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and
unlicensed bands)
connected over time.
WiMax Chip
The first
Defines both the MAC and PHY
support
thousands
of
users.
This
layers and allows multiple PHY-
layer specifications
flexibility allows WiMAX to adapt to the
available spectrum and channel widths in
different countries or licensed to different
WiMAX covers a couple of
different frequency ranges. Basically, the
s e r v i c e
p r o v i d e r s .
IEEE
802.16
standard
addresses
Wireless Into The
frequencies from 10GHz to 66GHz. The
Network: WiMAX
802.16a
specification,
which
is
an
extension of IEEE802.16, covers bands in
the 2GHz-to-11GHz range. WiMAX has a
range of up to 30 miles with a typical cell
radius of 4“6 miles.
WiMAX Working:
practical terms,
WiMAX would
Behind
WiMAX
is
the
operate similar
to WiFi but at
higher speeds,
over greater
distances and for a greater number of
users. WiMAX could potentially erase the
suburban and rural blackout areas that
currently have no broadband Internet
access
because
phone
and
cable
acceleration of radio technology in order
to bridge greater distances. WiMAX's
channel sizes range from 1.5 to 20MHz as
well, and offer a WiMAX-based network
the flexibility to support a variety of data
companies have not yet run the necessary
wires to those remote locations.
WiMAX transmitting tower
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
transmitting rates such as T1 (1.5Mbps)
A
WiMAX tower,
single
and higher data transmitting rates of up to
WiMAX
tower
can
provide
70Mbps on a single channel that can
coverage to a very large area as
big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000
square km).
T h e r e i s line-of-sight service,
where a fixed dish antenna points
WiMAX receiver
- The
straight at the WiMAX tower from
receiver and antenna could be a
small box or PCMCIA card or
they could be built into a laptop
the way WiFi access is today.
a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight
connection is stronger and more
stable, so it's able to send a lot of
data with fewer errors. Line-of-
sight
transmissions
use higher
A WiMAX tower station can connect
directly to the Internet using a high-
frequencies, with ranges reaching
a possible 66 GHz. At higher
bandwidth wired connection. It can also
connect to another WiMAX tower using a
frequencies,
interference
there
and
is
lots
less
more
line-of-sight,
microwave
link.
This
bandwidth.
connection to a backhaul, along with the
ability of a single tower to cover up to
3,000 square miles, is what allows
WiMAX to provide coverage to remote
rural areas.
WiMAX actually can provide two forms
of wireless service:
WiFi-style
access will
be limited
to a 4-to-6
mile radius.
Through
There
is
the non-line-of-sight,
the stronger
where a small antenna on your
computer connects to the tower. In
this mode, WiMAX uses a lower
frequency range 2 GHz to 11
G H z . L o w e r -wavelength
transmissions are not as easily
disrupted by physical obstructions,
they are better able to diffract, or
bend, around obstacles.
line-of-
sight
antennas,
WiMAX transmitting station would send
data to WiMAX-enabled computers or
routers set up within the transmitter's 30-
mile radius.
The fastest WiMAX handles
u p t o 70 megabits per second, which,
according to WiMAX proponents, is
enough bandwidth to simultaneously
support more than 60 businesses with T1-
type connectivity and well over a
thousand homes at 1Mbit/s DSL- level
connectivity.
circumstances, but the potential is there to
cover huge tracts of land.
Similar Technologies:
Unlike earlier BroadBand
wireless access (BWA) i t e r a t i o n s
WiMAX is highly standardized which
should reduce costs. However, since
Chipsets
are
custom-built
for
each
broadband wireless access manufacturer,
IV. Comparison between WiFi &
WiMax:
this adds time and cost to the process of
bringing a product to market, and this
won't be changed by WiMAX.
WiFi
WiMax
802.11
802.16a
WiMAX's equivalent or
Speed
6 - 54
Mbps
70 Mpbs
competitor in Europe is HIPERMAN.
WiMAX Forum, the consortium behind
Band
Unlicensed Both
t h e s t andardization,
working
on
Coverage
50 - 1500 2 - 30
ft Miles
methods to make 802.16 and HIPERMAN
interoperate seamlessly. Products
developed by the WiMAX Forum
The biggest difference isn't
speed, it's distance. WiMAX outdistances
WiFi by miles. WiFi's range is about 100
feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius
of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access.
members need to comply to pass the
certification process.
Korea's telecoms industry has developed
its own standard, WiBro. In late 2004,
Intel and LG Electronics have agreed on
The increased range is due to the
interoperability
between
WiBro
and
frequencies used and the power of the
transmitter. Of course, at that distance,
terrain, weather and large buildings will
act to reduce the maximum range in some
WiMAX.
V. APPLICATIONS:
1. Intel announced that it has begun
sending
WiMax
chipsets
to
equipment manufacturers, which
are planning to ship products to
customers.
2. WiMax
the l o n g -awaited
industry standard. If WiMax lives
up to its promise, it could solve the
dilemma
of
delivering
zippy,
WiMax base station
Internet
connections
in
areas
Redline
Communicationâ„¢s
WiMax
where the cost of running cables to
homes and offices is prohibitively
expensive.
access point
WiMax access points are expected
4.WiMax
being
to start between $250 and $550 and fall
gradually over time, with Intel estimating
developed on WiFiâ„¢s
Virtual Guides, GPS
the cost approaching $50 by 2008. That
PDAs
and
Audio
would be cheap enough to include it in
laptops, cell phones and other consumer
gadgetry, which could support streaming
video and voice over Internet Protocol, or
VoIP.
Beam forming.
Audio Beam forming device
3.The
big
name
corporations
have
5. WiMax has more on Embedded MP-3
alreadly comeup with a WiMax base
station and WiMax access point for
exterior use.
virtual tours, Solar Powered WiFi, Mobile
Hotspot, WiFi Pedicabs and the Internet
Rickshaw.
VI. Ensuring Bright Future:
Early products are likely
to be aimed at network service providers
and businesses, not consumers. It has the
potential to enable millions more to access
the Internet wirelessly, cheaply and easily.
Proponents say that WiMAX wireless
coverage will be measured in square
WiMax base stations can even connect an
entire city. Since WiMax supports several
communication protocols , t h i s network
kilometers
while
that
of
Wi-F i i s
measured in square meters. According to
WiMAX promoters, a WiMAX base
station would beam high-speed Internet
connections to homes and businesses in a
radius of up to 50 km, these base stations
can serve as the backbone for both an
ISP, and a telecom provider, without the
will
eventually
cover
an
entire
need for digging up roads.Lines between
metropolitan area, making that area into a
WMAN and allowing true wireless
telecom and internet services are blurred
already, with the companies offering both
mobility within it, as opposed to hot-spot
services.Once
WiMax
equipment
hopping required by Wi-Fi. Its proponents
are hoping that the technology will
eventually be used in notebook computers
becomes more readily available and
affordable, ISPs will be able to offer
WiMax services directly to consumers. If
and
PDAs.According
industry
WiMax chipsets can be embedded in
estimates, this technology would initially
mobile devices (cell phones and PDAs)
be
used
by
broadband
cable/DSL
soon, WiMax might land up replacing
providers.With
futher
improvement,it
every other wireless technology.
would allow users to access the internet in
a truly roaming environment.
WiMax will be driven by
demand from the network providers
themselves, and telecom providers also. A
grid of a relatively small number of
VII. Conclusion:
WiMax
with all itâ„¢s
Reference:
challenges
and
opportunities
is
an
unavoidable part of our future.WiMax has
the potential to be a true business
enabler.The possibiliites with this
technology are immense and numerous.It
will lead to great advances of commercial
field.The researchers are filled with
optimism,and based on this technology
are beginning to make their mark.The
extent to which WiMax will impact our
lives only depends on the limits of human
ingenuinity.It can rightly be said that
WiMax is slowly but steadily ushering in
1. prof. P.Siddaiah Head of the Dept.
ECE.
2. IEEE, IETE Issues and other
magazines.
3. vivisimo-wimax.com
the
next
revolution.
Though
the
technology is still under standardisation
process for use in chipsets, antenna and
other devices, the WiMax forum expects it
to be a killer.