27-01-2011, 01:37 PM
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Presented By
RAKESH KUMAR
DEEPAK KUMAR
SONA SINGH
RANJAN KUMAR
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
RO - REKHA CHOUDHARYTOPICS TO STUDY
What is an inverter
History of inverter
Application of inverters
Use of inverters
Classification of inverter
Single phase full wave inverter
Static Inverter
Dynamic inverter
Characteristics of good inverter
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
An inverter is a device that changes or inverts direct current (DC) input to alternating current (AC) output.
It doesn't "create" or "make" electricity, just changes it from one form to another. DC in is changed to AC out.
Output is usually 120 or 240 volts at 60-cycle alternating current to match line power.
1 Inverters are often a good choice for applications that require the main engine to operate at a job site. i.e. powering hydraulic systems or air compressors.
2 Since, inverters are electronic devices, we don't have the noise from a separate engine.
3 An inverter requires no fuel and virtually no maintenance
4 Since, inverter output is fully voltage and frequency regulated and functions independently from the speed of the engine.
History of inverter
From the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DC-to-AC power conversion was accomplished using rotary converters or motor-generator sets (M-G sets). In the early twentieth century, vacuum tubes and gas filled tubes began to be used as switches in inverter circuits.
APPLICATION
1 DC Power source utilization
2 Uninterruptible power supplies
3 Induction heating
4 HVDC power transmission
5 Variable-frequency drives
6 Electric vehicle drives
7 The general case
DC POWER SOURCE UTILISATION
DC power source utilization applications include use of DC in motor vehicles and from batteries to power
AC loads and use of energy from solar cells to power AC loads.
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries solar panels or fuel cells to AC electricity.
The electricity can be at any required voltage in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage
USES OF INVERTER
DC power source utilization applications include use of DC in motor vehicles and from batteries to power
AC loads and use of energy from solar cells to power AC loads.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available.
When main power is restored, a rectifier is used to supply DC power to recharge the batteries.
INDUCTION HEATING
Inverters convert low frequency main AC power to a higher frequency for use in induction heating.
To do this, AC power is first rectified to provide DC power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC power.
CLASSIFICATION OF INVERTER
BASED ON CHARGING PROCESS
Power inverter - A power inverter converts DC power or direct current to standard AC power or alternating current
Solar inverter - A Solar inverter is a type of electrical inverter that is made to change the direct current electricity from a photovoltaic array into alternating current
3. Wind power inverter
BASED ON UTILITY
* Independent control inverter
* Grid-connected inverter
SINGLE PHASE INVERTER
IT IS OF TWO TYPE –
1. CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER
2. VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER.
SINGLE PHASE HALF BRIDGE INVERTER-
IT CONSIST OF-
VOLTAGE SOURCE
TWO DIODE
TWO THYRISTOR
BASED ON THE MOBILITY OF INVERTER
STATIC INVERTER
DYNAMIC INVERTER
Static inverter has no moving parts and are used in wide range of application from a small switching power supply in computers to large high voltage direct current application that are transport bulk power.
Dynamic inverter
In a dynamic inverter system the charging system operates normally with the inverter off.
A regulator inside the inverter control the changing voltage. When the inverter is turn on, the alternator is disconnected from the vehicle battery and tied into a transformer. That uses electronic controls to change the DC alternator input to AC inverter output
BASED ON NATURE Voltage source inverter
In voltage source inverter input voltage is maintained constant and amplitude of the output voltage does not depend on the load How ever the wave form of load current as well as magnitude depend upon the nature of the load Impedence
Current source inverter
In current source inverters, input current is constant but adjustable. The amplitude of the output current from CSI is independent of the load.
Characteristics of a good INVERTER
Its output voltage waveform should be sinusoidal.
Its gain should be high.
Its output voltage and frequency should be controllable in the desired voltage.
The power required by its controlling circuit should be minimum.
Its overall cost must be minimum
Its working life must be long.
The semi conductor device used in the inverter should be minimum switching and conduction losses.
Conclusion
Inverter is a simple but versatile circuit.
It is Extensively used as buffer in the output stage to reduce the loading effect of the previous stage.
Used as a basic block in many analog circuits like oscillators, Amplifiers.
