SINGLE POINT MOORING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
SPM is known as single point mooring system it is the method of cargo transfer from tankers to shore and vice versa. It is gaining wide importance in this age of rising oil prices as every effort is being made to reduce the cost of raw material in oil industry .The transportation cost accounts a good share of raw materials cost and it inconsiderably reduced by using SPM system the main aim. SPM system consist of floating buoy ,floating hoses which are used to discharge crude oil ,under buoy hoses ,pipe line and manifold and sub-sea pipe lines.