SPACE HEATERS
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SPACE HEATERS
Physiology of Space Heaters

To fully understand the hazards of a space heater, we need to understand how it works.
A military space heater uses burning fuel to produce heat for living and working spaces in a field environment.
Fuel is introduced into a burn chamber along with fresh air, ignited, and the exhaust is vented away to the exterior of the space being occupied.
As we remember from our 4th grade science class, to make fire, we require 3 things,
• Fuel,
• Oxygen,
• Ignition Source
What does “approved” mean?
1. Un-vented heaters are not authorized for use by any unit in the USAREUR area of operation.
2. Vented commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and electric heaters may be authorized if they are approved by a reputable national standards organization - Underwriters Laboratories (UL), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), International Standards Organization (ISO)) and are used outside tents and structures.
3. Any space heater belonging to the family of space heaters (FOSH).
Approved Space Heaters
Space Heater Small (SHS)
Capabilities: Provides heated air to safely and efficiently warm soldiers operating in basic, cold, and extreme cold environments. Provides new capability for heating smaller tents (4man or less). Description: SHS is a lightweight, portable, multi-fueled, non-powered heater intended to heat the 4 man Soldier Crew Tent. Provides a maximum heat output of 12K BTU with a high/low adjustment capability. Burns liquid (JP-8, JP-5, DF-1, DF-2, DF-A) fuels. Integral fuel tank eliminates the need for fuel can, fuel can stand, gravity feed adapter, hoses and fittings.
Power requirements: None.
Size: 16”L x 8.5”W X 14”H
Weight: 20 lbs
Cost: $400 (estimated)
NSN: 4520-01-478-9207
Space Heater Arctic (SHA)
Capabilities: Provides heated air (radiant and natural convective) to safely and efficiently warm soldiers operating in basic, cold, and extreme cold environments. Replaces antiquated, gasoline burning M-50 Yukon Heater.
Description: SHA is a lightweight, portable, multi-fueled, non-powered heater intended to heat five and ten man arctic tents. Provides a maximum heat output of 28K BTU with a high/low adjustment capability. Burns liquid (JP-8, JP-5, DF-1, DF-2, DF-A) and solid (coal & wood) fuels.
Power requirements: None.
Size: 17”L x 9”W X 17”H
Weight: 41 lbs
Cost: $735
NSN: 4520-01-444-2375
Space Heater Convective (SHC)
Capabilities: 35K BTU thermoelectric heater provides forced hot air circulation for shelters without the need for a field generator – generates its own power and recharges batteries. Automatic start and temperature control
Description: Delivers clean, breathable heat to e.g., Modular Command Post System, TOCs. Converts waste heat into electrical energy, which is used to power the blowers, pumps, ignition system, safety system, and control devices, and recharges its own starting battery
Power requirements: None.
Size: 40”x14”x18”; 6.1 ft3
Weight: 74 lbs
Cost: $6-8,000 (estimated)
NSN: 4520-01-431-8927
H-45, Space Heater Radiant, Large (SHR)
Capabilities: Provides heated air to safely and efficiently warm soldiers operating in basic, cold, and extreme cold environments. Replaces antiquated M-41 heater that had severe operational and safety deficiencies.
Description: H-45 space heater is a 45K BTU heater intended to heat the General Purpose and TEMPER tents. Operates without use of electrical power; burns liquid (JP-8, JP-5, JP-4, DF-1, DF-2, DF-A, gasoline) and solid (coal & wood) fuels.
Power Requirements: None.
Size: 18”Dia X 24”H
Weight: 67 lbs
Cost: $500
NSN: 4520-01-329-3451
Thermal Electric Fan (TEF)
Capabilities: Circulates heated air inside all military tents to improve habitability conditions and significantly reduce fuel usage by generating its own electrical power.
Description: TEF is a silent, compact, rugged fan unit placed on top of any military tent heater. A built-in thermoelectric module converts heat from the top surface of heater into electricity to power the 450 CFM TEF. The TEF moves heated air around the tent to provide a more even heat distribution throughout the entire shelter.
Power requirements: None.
Size: 14”Dia; 10”H
Weight: 12 lbs
Cost: $500
NSN: 4520-01-457-2790
Carbon Monoxide and Asphyxiation
Carbon Monoxide (known by the chemical symbol CO) is a colorless and practically odorless gas. It is poisonous to people and animals, because it displaces oxygen in the blood. It is produced by the incomplete burning of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Appliances fueled with natural gas, liquefied petroleum (LP gas), oil, kerosene, coal, or wood may produce CO. Burning charcoal produces CO. Running cars produce CO.
Normal oxygenation of the tetrameric (ie. 4 subunits) hemoglobin molecule. As it goes from (deoxy)hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin the color changes from blue, as in venous blood, then to pink, as in arterial blood.
Here carbon monoxide (CO) enters the picture, and through its very high affinity for hemoglobin, displaces the oxygen from the hemoglobin. This prevents oxygen being carried to the tissues and organs of the body. Carboxyhemoglobin is reddish in color.
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