The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of lies is derived from studies that suggest that people who are asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than when they do. Being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in court are discussed. The author concludes that neither approach is currently supported by sufficient data regarding its accuracy in detecting deception to justify its use in court. In the field of criminology, a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This is called "brain fingerprinting." This invention is supposed to be the best lie detector available at the time and is said to detect even plain criminals who pass the polygraph test (the conventional lie detector test) with ease. The new method uses brain waves, which are useful for detecting whether the person undergoing the test, recalls finer details of the crime. Even if the person voluntarily suppresses the necessary information, the brainwave will surely catch him, according to experts, who are very excited about the new child on the block.
Brain Fingerprinting is designed to determine if an individual recognizes specific information related to an event or activity by measuring the electrical responses of brain waves to words, phrases or images presented on a computer screen. The technique can only be applied in situations where researchers have enough specific information about an event or activity that would only be known by the author and the researcher. In this sense, Brain Fingerprinting is considered a type of Guilty Knowledge Test, where the "guilty" party is expected to react strongly to the relevant detail of the activity event. Existing procedures (polygraphs) for assessing the validity of a suspect's "guilty" knowledge are based on the measurement of autonomic arousal (eg, palm sweating and heart rate), while the brain fingerprint measures electrical activity Of the brain through an equipped headband containing special sensors. It is said that the brain fingerprint is more accurate in detecting "guilty" knowledge than the false positives of traditional polygraph methods, but this is highly discussed by specialized researchers. Technique:
The person to be tested carries a special tape with electronic sensors that measure electroencephalography from various locations on the scalp. In order to calibrate the brain fingerprint system, the test comes with a series of irrelevant stimuli, words and images, and a series of relevant stimuli, words and images. The subject's brain response to these two different types of stimuli allows the tester to determine whether the brain responses measured to the test stimuli, called probes, are more similar to relevant or irrelevant responses. The technique uses the well-known fact that an electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from the brain of an individual about 300 milliseconds after it is confronted with a stimulus of special importance, A rare versus a common stimula or a stimula proband is asked to count. The novel interpretation in the fingerprints of the brain is to look for the P300 in response to stimuli related to the crime in question, for example, a murder weapon or the face of a victim. Because it relies on EEG signals, the system does not require the tested to utter verbal responses to questions or stimuli.