27-04-2017, 05:45 PM
[b]bidirectional visitor counter using ldr in this blank [/b]
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source code bidirectional visitor counter using ldr
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[b]bidirectional visitor counter using ldr in this blank [/b]
29-04-2017, 01:37 PM
Bi-directional visitor counter circuit principle:
The circuit operates according to the principle of IR detection. Two sets of IR sensors consisting of an IR LED and a phototransistor are placed at two ends. The output of each sensor is fed to the microcontroller. In normal operation, the infrared LED light would fall on the phototransistor and this would act. The sensor output would be a low logic signal in this case. In case of any interruption (due to any person crossing the road), the phototransistor would stop driving or drive less and the sensor output would be a high logic signal. The low-to-high transition for each pair of sensors is detected by the microcontroller and, as a result, the count will increase or decrease.
![[Image: Bi-Directional-Visitor-Counter-Circuit-Diagram.jpg]](http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Bi-Directional-Visitor-Counter-Circuit-Diagram.jpg)
Circuit Components:
Here is the list of components and their corresponding values used in this circuit.
• R1, R3 - 760 ohms
• R2, R4-3K
• R5 - 10K
• C1 - 10uF, electrolyte
• C2, C3-15pF
• X1 - 12MHz Crystal
• U1 - AT89C51
• U4 - 7 segment 7 segment display
• D1, D2 - LED IR
• Phototransistor Q1, Q2 - IR
Circuit design:
The heart of the circuit design lies in the design of the microcontroller interface. Here we use the microcontroller AT89C51 which is a microcontroller of the 8051 family. The AT89C51 microcontroller is interconnected to the pairs of IR sensors in two port pins - P1.0 and P1.1, respectively. The 7-segment 2-segment display is connected to the microcontroller at ports P0 and P2.
Another important aspect of the design involves designing the oscillator circuit and the reset circuit. The oscillator circuit is designed by selecting a 12MHz quartz crystal and two ceramic capacitors - each 15pF. The reset circuit is designed by selecting a 10K resistor and a 10uF electrolyte capacitor to ensure a 100ms reset pulse width and a 1.2V reset pin voltage drop.
The sensor circuit is designed by selecting the appropriate value of the resistors for the LED and the phototransistor. Since here the voltage of the source is 5V and the drop of IR front voltage is about 1.2V, the resistance value (in the current of 5mA) is estimated to be about 760 ohms. The phototransistor used here is the silicon NPN transistor QSC112 with the maximum collector of 4mA. As we are using the phototransistor in switching mode, the required collector resistance must be greater than 1.25K (Vcc / Ic = 5/4). Here we choose a resistance of 5K.
The circuit operates according to the principle of IR detection. Two sets of IR sensors consisting of an IR LED and a phototransistor are placed at two ends. The output of each sensor is fed to the microcontroller. In normal operation, the infrared LED light would fall on the phototransistor and this would act. The sensor output would be a low logic signal in this case. In case of any interruption (due to any person crossing the road), the phototransistor would stop driving or drive less and the sensor output would be a high logic signal. The low-to-high transition for each pair of sensors is detected by the microcontroller and, as a result, the count will increase or decrease.
Circuit Components:
Here is the list of components and their corresponding values used in this circuit.
• R1, R3 - 760 ohms
• R2, R4-3K
• R5 - 10K
• C1 - 10uF, electrolyte
• C2, C3-15pF
• X1 - 12MHz Crystal
• U1 - AT89C51
• U4 - 7 segment 7 segment display
• D1, D2 - LED IR
• Phototransistor Q1, Q2 - IR
Circuit design:
The heart of the circuit design lies in the design of the microcontroller interface. Here we use the microcontroller AT89C51 which is a microcontroller of the 8051 family. The AT89C51 microcontroller is interconnected to the pairs of IR sensors in two port pins - P1.0 and P1.1, respectively. The 7-segment 2-segment display is connected to the microcontroller at ports P0 and P2.
Another important aspect of the design involves designing the oscillator circuit and the reset circuit. The oscillator circuit is designed by selecting a 12MHz quartz crystal and two ceramic capacitors - each 15pF. The reset circuit is designed by selecting a 10K resistor and a 10uF electrolyte capacitor to ensure a 100ms reset pulse width and a 1.2V reset pin voltage drop.
The sensor circuit is designed by selecting the appropriate value of the resistors for the LED and the phototransistor. Since here the voltage of the source is 5V and the drop of IR front voltage is about 1.2V, the resistance value (in the current of 5mA) is estimated to be about 760 ohms. The phototransistor used here is the silicon NPN transistor QSC112 with the maximum collector of 4mA. As we are using the phototransistor in switching mode, the required collector resistance must be greater than 1.25K (Vcc / Ic = 5/4). Here we choose a resistance of 5K.
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