[attachment=12670]
India’s Population = 1027 Million
As per 2001 Census
Urban Population = 285 Million
Urban Areas = 5161
(Cities / Towns)
TREND OF URBANIZATION
Year Year Year Year
1951 1991 2001 2021
1. Number of Urban 2795 3768 5161 --
Agglomerations / Towns
2. Urban Population 62.0 217.0 285.0 550.0
(in million)
3. As percentage of total 17.3% 25.72% 27.8% 41%
Population
MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
- Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum
- With urban population increasing between 3 – 3.5% per annum
- Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually
India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually at present.
- Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
- Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid waste generated.
Urban Local Bodies spend around Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton on solid waste management of which,
* 60-70% of the amount is on collection alone
* 20% - 30% on transportation
* Hardly any fund is spent on treatment and disposal of waste
- Crude dumping of waste in most of the cities
QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION
TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE 1.15 LAKH TONNE
GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS PER DAY (TPD)
OF THE COUNTRY
% OF TOTAL GARBAGE
WASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD 18.35%

WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD 17.08%
(1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)
WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER 42,635.28 TPD 37.07%
CLASS-I TOWNS
(0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) ____________ _________
83,378.28 TPD 72.50%
IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE OF WASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5% OF TOTAL WASTE.
Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste
Compostable / Bio-degradable = 30% - 55%
matter (can be converted into manure)
Inert material = 40% - 45% (to go to landfill)
Recyclable materials = 5% - 10% (Recycling)
These percentages vary from city to city depending on food habits