presented by:
MANZOOR AHAMED.N
RAMESH KUMAR.M
SRIDHARAN.R
THANGAM.C
GEETCHANDRAN.N
ANBARASAN.G

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INTRODUCTION
 In our day-to-day life electrical energy is the most important which come into picture.
 As the demand of electrical energy is increasing day by day the conventional (non-renewable) energy such as petroleum, coal etc may extinct.
 In order to protect of the non-renewable source of energy from extinction, the use of renewable energy come into picture here the solar energy is use as the alternative source for production of electrical energy which is use for house hold applications.
PROJECT FLOW CHART
DATA COLLECT
 We have collected the data, to implement the project in good & better way. That are given below
 Basic things of our project-(solar powered in home)
 Types of solar cells & solar panels
 What are the electrical appliances we required
 Specifications of appliances
 House layout
 Estimation of our whole project
 Block diagram explanation of each block
 We are searching, what are the advance method &technology are using in the future
DESINGN
 We have planed & designed our project. The sub topics are given below
 i)ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES&SPECIFICATIONS
 ii)HOUSE LAYOUT
 iii)ESTIMATION
 iv)BASIC OF SOLAR ENERGY
 v)BLOCK DIAGRAM & EXPLANATION OF EACH BLOCKS
HOUSE LAYOUT
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES&SPECIFICATIONS
ESTIMATION
40 Watt Solar Panel Model GP-40-12!
Specs:
 Maximum Power(Pmax) 40 watts
 Tolerance =10/-10%
 Maximum Power Voltage 17.4 volts
 Maximum Power Current 2.48 amps
 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 21.7 volts
 Short Circuit Current (Isc) 2.65 amp
 Temp coefficient of Voc -0.37x102 A/C°
 Temp coefficient of ISC 0.08x102 A/C°
 NOC 47 C°
 Max Sysytem Voltage 600 Volts POLYCRYSTALLINE
 Dimensions 20.5 - 25.5 - 1.4 (LxWxD - inches)
 Weight 12 lbs
 Cells - 36
 Cell Technology - Polycrystalline
 Cell Shape - Rectangular
 Temperature Coefficient Power Pmax/°C - minus 0.44%
BASIC OF SOLAR POWER
 The basic of solar energy has been detail explanation are given below. The sub topics are
 What is solar cell & how does solar power work?
Types of solar cells
 What are the materials used in solar cells
 Working of solar panels
 And Other detail explanation of solar power
What is solar cell?
 It is an device that directly photons are converted into electron, that means light energy(sun) converts electrical energy.
 Solar cells are usually made from silicon, the same material used for transistors and integrated circuits. The silicon is treated or "doped" so that when light strikes it electrons are released, so generating an electric current
 It is called Photo voltaic cell or solar cell
 Solar cell is an material that used are semi-conductor
 Its life time around 25 years
HOW DOES SOLAR CELL WORK
TYPES OF SOLAR CELLS
 Monocrystalline cells.
 polycrystalline cells.
 Amorphous or thin-film solar cell.
 CONCENTRATORS solar cell.
 CRYSTALLINE SILICON solar cell.
MONOCRYSTALLINE
 The most common material used in solar cells is single crystal silicon.
 Solar cells made from single crystal silicon are currently limited to about 25% efficiency because they are most sensitive to infrared light, and radiation in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum is relatively low in energy.
POLYCRYSTALLINE
 Polycrystalline ("many crystals") solar cells are made by a casting process in which molten ilicon is poured into a mould and allowed to cool, then sliced into wafers.
 This process results in cells that are significantly cheaper to produce than single crystal cells, but whose efficiency is limited to less than 20% due to internal resistance at the boundaries of the silicon crystals.
CRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELL
 Crystalline solar cells are wired in series to produce solar panels.
 As each cell produces a voltage of between 0.5 and 0.6 Volts, 36 cells are needed to produce an open-circuit voltage of about 20 Volts. This is sufficient to charge a 12 Volt battery under most conditions.
 Although the theoretical efficiency of monocrystalline cells is slightly higher than that of polycrystalline cells, there is little practical difference in performance. Crystalline cells generally have a longer lifetime than the amorphous variety.
CONCENTRATORS
 They works just as optical lens do.
 Concept is very much same as in magnifying glass. In concentrator cells
light is concentrated using lens to fall on solar cells to produce maximum energy as possible.
 By using concentrator cells lights intensity is increase
by targeting on certain area, which in result increase electricity production.
 Most of concentrator cells produced these days are made up of crystalline silicon material. But there are materials like gallium arsenide and gallium indium phosphide have proven to be much more effective in performance when compare with silicon in solar cells, there are chances for these cells will increase in use in future.
AMORPHOUS(thin flim)
 Amorphous cells are made by depositing silicon onto a glass substrate from a reactive gas such as silane (SiH4). This type of solar cell can be applied as a thin film to low cost substrates such as glass or plastic.
 Thin film cells have a number of advantages, including easier deposition and assembly, the ability to be deposited on inexpensive substrates, the ease of mass production, and the high suitability to large applications. Since amorphous silicon cells have no crystal structure at all, their efficiencies are presently only about 10% due to significant internal energy losses.
 Compare with others amorphous cell has more efficient
THERMOPHOTO VOLTAIC CELL
Thermophotovoltaic cell uses different technology to produce electricity. Thermo- means heat, these
cells converts heat into electricity; rest of it works as same as photovoltaic cells which
converts light into electricity.
The only difference between thermo-photovoltaic and photovoltaic is that thermo photovoltaic cells uses semiconductor which are designed for long wavelength, invisible light like infrared rays released by hot objects. This way of generating electricity is very neat and clean and also simpler to what we experience in power generation using generators, steam turbines etc.
EFFICIENCY OF MATERIAL
MATERIAL USED IN SOLAR CELLS
 These types of cells are not produced individually, but they are developed in modules and then joint together to frames and rest of the plant.
 Thin layers of semiconductors are used to manufacture thin films by using backing materials like plastic or glass.
 These backing materials are directly coated with anti-reflected materials and protective layers.
 Thin films are designed to match the shape of backing materials; this enabled these types of cells to be extremely flexible in using in innovative and different shapes.
TYPES OF SHAPES
SOLAR PANEL SPEC
 30Watt Monocrystalline Solar Panel
Description:
 • Highly sufficient and stable polycrystalline solar panel
 • Different power output available, range from 5 Watt to 300Watt
 • Comes With junction box and by pass diode
 • Charge 6V and 12V batteries of all type. Can be used as power source for power stations, or battery charger for vehicle, boat, electric fence, pump….
 •Multiple pieces can be connected to acquire higher power
Lamination:
 •Anodized aluminum alloy frame
 •Low iron high transparency temper glass cover
 •Solar cell embedded in EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate)
 •Tedlar foil backing
MODEL BLOCK DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
EXPALNATION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
 It consists of solar panel, battery, control unit, mobile charger, garden water pump and CFL lamp. The solar panel is used to absorb the solar energy from the sunlight.
 This energy thus absorb is converted into electrical energy by the photo-voltaic cells and it is stored in the battery.
 A zener diode is used to protect the reverse current. This energy is transferred to the control circuit, which controls the off/on position of the garden pump, mobile charger and the CFL lamp.
CHARGER CONTROL
 A charge controller, charge regulator or
 battery regulator limits the rate at which
 electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries.
 It prevents overcharging and may prevent against overvoltage, which can reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk
 . It may also prevent completely draining ("deep discharging") a battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on the battery technology, to protect battery life. [2][3] The terms "charge controller" or "charge regulator" may refer to either a stand-alone device, or to control circuitry integrated within a battery
INVERTER
 A Solar inverter or PV inverter is a
type of electrical inverter that is made to
change the direct current (DC) electricity
from a photovoltaic array into alternating current (AC) for use with home appliances and possibly a utility grid.
 And as such, are not required to have anti-islanding protection.
 Grid tie inverters, which match phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. Grid-tie inverters are designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply, for safety reasons. They do not provide backup power during utility outages.
SPEC OF INVERTER
HOW WE CAN USE THE SOLAR POWER ?
CONCLUSION
 Reduction of the use of non-renewable sources of energy.
 To supply electrical energy for the agricultural purpose such as running water pump for irrigation.
 To provide electrical energy for house hold application like lighting, running machine etc.