solar powered electrolux refrigeration system ppt
#1

Hi, I'm Arjay Castillo a Mechanical Engineering student. I would like to get any ideas on your work that may help in my research studies. thank you
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#2
Abstract— Solar energy is the most abundant source of
energy available in our country. The power of the sun can
be efficiently used to harness energy for solving our energy
needs. The void of not having efficient technology to tap this
abundant energy reservoir has led to search for better
technologies and more varied applications. Our primary
focus in this paper would be on utilizing solar energy for
domestic refrigeration purposes.
The system used in this paper is known as an ‘Electrolux
refrigeration system’ which is a modified version of
‘Einstein-Szilard refrigerator’. It is a three fluid system
comprising of ammonia, water & hydrogen. Instead of a
compressor it uses waste heat to run a generator, as
opposed to a standard refrigerator. A low grade heat source
heats up the absorber-absorbent pair releasing the
refrigerant in vapour form. This vapour is air cooled to
liquid state at the condenser. Finally hydrogen reduces the
vapour pressure of the ammonia liquid entering the
evaporator causing the liquid to boil absorbing heat from
the cabin and in turn cooling it.
The work illustrated deals with the design, fabrication
and testing of the aforementioned concept. The system was
operated on a sunny day, the collector fluid temperature
and cabin temperatures were monitored. The obtained
results have been tabulated and the C.O.P and tonnage of
the refrigerator were also computed.
Keywords—Absorber,Coefficient of performance(COP),
Tonnage of refrigeration, Absorbent
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In 1858 a French scientist named Ferdinand Carré
invented an absorption cooling system using water and
sulphuric acid. In 1922 Baltzar Platen and Carl Munters,
improved the system in principle with a 3-fluid
configuration. This "Platen-Munters" design was capable
of operating without a pump.
During 1926-1933 Einstein and Szilárd joined hands
to improve the technology in the area of domestic
refrigeration. The two were inspired by newspaper
reports of the death of a Berlin family due to seal failure
which caused a leakage of toxic fumes into their home.
Einstein and Szilárd proposed a device without moving
parts that would eliminate the potential for seal failure,
and worked on its practical applications for various
refrigeration cycles. The two in due course were granted
45 patents in their names for three different models.
This paper is based on an Electrolux refrigeration
system using solar energy as input. The principle behind
Electrolux refrigeration is that it uses three gases to
accomplish its cooling effect namely ammonia
(refrigerant) water (absorbent) and hydrogen.
Electrolux absorption refrigerator uses three
substances: ammonia, hydrogen gas, and water. At
atmospheric conditions, ammonia is a gas with a boiling
point of - 33°C. The system is pressurized to the point
where the liquefaction of ammonia occurs. The cycle is
closed, with hydrogen, water and ammonia and recycled
perpetually. The cooling cycle starts with high pressure
liquefied ammonia entering the evaporator at ambient
temperature. The partial pressure of the hydrogen gas
affects the boiling point of the ammonia. As ammonia
boils in the evaporator, it requires energy to overcome
the enthalpy of vaporization. This energy is drawn from
the refrigerator cabin providing the desired cooling
effect.
B. Present Scenario
Energy systems are complex as they involve the
consideration of economic, technical and environmental
factors. There is a dearth of thermally driven absorption
refrigeration machines on the market which provide
small-capacity cooling for domestic applications, as
stressed upon by Velmurugan V et al. . This paper
presents a description of a new solar refrigeration system
using three fluid ammonia-hydrogen/water (NH3-
H2/H2O) vapour absorption systems. This technique uses
solar energy to produce the desired cooling effect and
without polluting the environment.
According to Celina Maria Cunha Ribeiro et al.[1], the
circulation of the working fluids is accomplished via a
bubble pump, its action depends significantly on the mass
transfer in the evaporator and the absorber. Also Joshua
Folaranmi Leonardo has described a new method for
using a focusing collector, where heat from the sun is
concentrated on a black absorber located at the focal
point of the reflector where water is heated to a very high
temperature. He also describes a solar tracking system by
manual tilting of the bar at the support of the parabolic
dish. The setup is mounted on a frame supported with a
lever for tilting the parabolic dish reflector to different
angles enabling capturing solar energy during different
periods of the day.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014)
436
The influence of operating conditions such as:
ammonia fraction in inlet solution and tube diameter on
the functioning of the bubble pump was presented and
discussed by Ali benhmidene et al. . It was found that,
the liquid velocity and pumping ratio increase with
increasing heat flux, and then it decreases. Optimal heat
flux depends namely on tube diameter variations.
Ali benhmidene et al. found that the optimum heat
flux can be correlated as a function of the mass flow rate
and tube diameter, while the minimum heat flux required
for pumping can be correlated as a function of tube
diameter. The effects of hot water inlet temperatures on
the coefficient of performance (COP) have been studied
by V Mittal et al. .
S. Gabsi et al. designed and simulated an
absorption diffusion refrigerator using solar energy for
domestic use. The climatic conditions and the cost due to
technical constraints for various components such as the
solar generator, the condenser, the absorber and the
evaporator limits the system’s application for small scale
purposes. Mass and energy conservation equations
showed that the new absorption cycle could produce
viable amounts of cooling for domestic applications.
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