solar cell experiment viva questions with answers pdf
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Plz made pdf on it  please aur bhai tumhare se hota hai to bana dena pdf solar cell par
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Q: What is photovoltaic (solar electricity) or "PV"?

A: What do we mean by photovoltaics? The word itself helps explain how photovoltaic (PV) or solar electric technologies work. Used for the first time around 1890, the word has two parts: photo, a root derived from the Greek phos, meaning light and volt, a unit of measurement called Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity. Then, the photovoltaic energy could literally be translated as light-electricity. And that's exactly what photovoltaic materials and devices do; they convert the energy of light into electricity, as Edmond Becquerel and others discovered in the 18th century.

Q: How can we get electricity from the sun?

A: When certain semiconductor materials, such as certain types of silicon, are exposed to sunlight, they release small amounts of electricity. This process is known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the emission or ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal in response to light. It is the basic physical process in which an electric or photovoltaic (PV) solar cell converts sunlight into electricity.

Sunlight is composed of photons or solar energy particles. Photons contain various amounts of energy, which correspond to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons hit a photovoltaic cell, they can be reflected or absorbed, or they can pass directly. Only absorbed photons generate electricity. When this happens, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor).

With its newly discovered energy, the electron escapes from its normal position in an atom of the semiconductor material and becomes part of the current in an electrical circuit. When leaving its position, the electron causes the formation of a hole. The special electrical properties of the photovoltaic cell (a built-in electric field) provide the necessary voltage to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).

Q: What are the components of a photovoltaic (PV) system?

A: A PV system is composed of different components. These include photovoltaic modules (groups of photovoltaic cells), which are commonly called photovoltaic panels; one or more batteries; a charge controller or controller for a stand-alone system; an inverter for a system connected to the public network and when alternating current (ac) is required instead of direct current (dc); wiring; and mounting hardware or a frame.

Q: How long do photovoltaic (PV) systems last?

A: A PV system designed, installed and maintained will work for more than 20 years. The basic photovoltaic module (closed and interconnected panel of photovoltaic cells) has no moving parts and can last more than 30 years. The best way to guarantee and extend the life and effectiveness of your photovoltaic system is to have it installed and maintained properly. Experience has shown that most problems occur due to poor or careless installation of the system.

Q: What is the difference between PV and other solar energy technologies?

A: There are four main types of solar energy technologies:

Photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials.
Solar energy concentration systems (CSP), which concentrate solar energy through reflective devices, such as feeders or mirror panels, to produce heat that is then used to generate electricity.
Solar water heating systems, which contain a solar collector that looks at the sun and heats the water directly or heats a "working fluid" which, in turn, is used to heat the water.
Transpired solar collectors, or "solar walls", that use solar energy to preheat the ventilation air of a building.

Q: Can I use photovoltaic (PV) energy to power my home?

A: PV can be used to power electrical systems throughout your home, including lights, cooling systems, and appliances. Current photovoltaic systems can be easily combined in traditional and non-traditional homes. The most common practice is to mount modules on a roof or wall facing south. For an additional aesthetic appeal, some modules look like traditional tiles. 
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