Presented by:
Salem Babtain

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Introduction
Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements - normally steel reinforcing bars.
Literature Review
New Austrian Tunneling Method" (NATM), in which grouted rock bolts and shotcrete were used for supporting tunnels
permanent support of retaining walls in a cut in soft rock in France.
The use of grouted "soil nails" and driven soil nails, which consist of solid steel bars and steel angle iron, continued to grow in the 1970's, in France, Germany and north America
The first wall built in France using current soil nail techniques was reported to have been built by Soletanche, in Versailles
Guidelines and Manuals
One of the first national guideline publications for soil nailing. ( In Japan)
 in France (Clouterre Program)
 $ 5 million study to develop design methodology for soil nail walls
 "Recommendations of Clouterre," published in 1991
 Federal Highway Administration published its "Manual for Design and Construction of Soil Nail Walls.“
Slope Failure
What is slope failure ?
The slope can not support itself
- Gravitational and seepage forces cause disturbing force
- Soil friction provide resisting force
- If disturbing moment > resisting moment Slope will failure
Soil uses
Soil nailing is used to reinforce
-tunnels wall support
-soil cut slopes
-retaining wall support
-excavations,
-disturbed terrain and
-natural hillsides stabilize
Principle of Soil nailing
In slope stability calculations, the result needs to obviously ensure that the resisting forces are greater than the force tending to cause slope failure.
Factor of Safety ( FOS )
FOS is defined as the ratio of total resisting forces to total disturbing forces or total overturning moment